Showing posts with label Allergies et asthme. Show all posts
The ear, nose and throat
We often speak of "ENT"
but few people really know the meaning of the acronym becomes a little too
familiar. A special branch of medicine, a doctor specializing in the field,
let's turn to learn a little more.
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Allergies et asthme
the dermatologist
We have it all wrong when we say
that the dermatologist is the specialist in skin diseases. It is also involved
in diseases of the mucous membranes, hair and nails. Most dermatologists
are themselves connoisseurs sexually transmitted diseases ....
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Allergies et asthme
the pulmonologist
Some signs such as cough, shortness
of breath or chest pain are sometimes overlooked. Yet they can hide very
serious lung diseases. So let the pulmonologist care to know a little more
about your condition and give appropriate treatment.
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Allergies et asthme
The allergist
Allergic rhinitis, chronic
irritative cough, excessive body reactions to certain medications or certain
foods .... An allergy maybe? Orient us to an allergist for better support.
What is an allergist?
The allergist is a doctor who specializes
in the detection and management of all forms of allergy.
As allergy is a disease highly
related to the patient's environment, the allergist also takes into account and
gives a great importance to the environment.
When to see an allergist?
When the following different signs
become chronic and interfere with quality of life, it is necessary to consult
an allergist:
frequent rhinitis with knowledge of
triggers (cold, dust, ....)
rhinitis which often requires
antibiotic treatment, lasting for several months or years
signs of chronic bronchitis: chronic
and irritating cough, asthma, wheezing, and shortness of breath ...
diagnosed by a doctor eczema and that
under no treatment improves
appearance of hives or choking after
taking a drug or food
conjunctivitis repeatedly with
specific environmental factors trigger
immediate and serious reactions
after insect bite
more than 3 episodes of
bronchiolitis in infants.
Several situations can cause us to
see an allergist. However, it is always advisable to see a doctor in advance.
Angioedema requires very urgent care
and must be mastered by all physicians.
Consultation with the allergist
The process of consultation with the
allergist is based on personal and family histories, drug, food intake as well
as the presence or absence of pets. The allergist will take into account the
importance of the environment and the patient's family (housing, dust,
workplace ...).
Skin tests are the main exams which
allow the allergist to know the types of allergens, bases throughout the
process management (allergen avoidance, desensitization, antihistamines, local
or systemic corticosteroids).
The allergist did not stop to
prescription drugs, because the main pillar of support is education and patient
information on allergen avoidance, often involving a change of lifestyle and
Special care (hygiene).
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Allergies et asthme
Nasal polyposis: what is the outcome after treatment?
There are some more difficult to
deal with chronic diseases and troublesome signs. Even after a long treatment,
signs still persist; complications or ineffective treatment? In any case, the
doctor's advice is always necessary.
Nasal polyposis is a chronic
inflammatory and characterized by the presence of tumors that develop in the
nasal mucosal disease. These tumors are benign but generate chronic clinical
signs:
- Nasal obstruction with rhinorrhea
and sneezing
- Pain felt in the face, headache
- A reduction or loss of smell (this
is a major sign)
- Change of taste
- Allergy and Asthma
Loss of smell (anosmia or) is mainly
due to an obstruction of the olfactory cleft. The loss of smell can occur on
one side. However, this sign depends on the stage of nasal polyposis. The loss
of smell can also be due to persistence of predisposing factors such as pollen
allergies, asthma, ...
Medical treatment requires the
intervention of a general practitioner, a specialist in ENT, an allergist and
possibly a dentist but also a pulmonologist.
Medical treatment is actually based
on:
- Local corticosteroids with or
without antibiotics
- A desired antihistamine
- A spray solution and / or wash (saline
sea water, fresh water)
The medical treatment of substance
is usually administered treatment.
However, any persistent signs
requires further exploration and it is necessary to talk to his doctor. The
safety and effectiveness of drugs are typically evaluated on a regular basis.
Indeed, in case of failure of medical treatment, surgical treatment may be
considered. After more than four annual treatments in medical treatment, with
persistent signs and no decrease in volume of the polyposis, surgery is indicated.
Nasal polyposis tend to recur.
However, surgery does not give complete recovery. It increases the
effectiveness of local drug spray to restore the sense of smell and taste in
the patient, and avoids frequent recurrences.
The laser also reduces the volume of
nasal polyposis. Like surgery, the indication should be discussed and well
specified.
Precautions:
- Certain foods may promote
recurrences: peanuts (walnuts, pistachios, peanuts, peanut oil ...), shellfish,
oysters, ...
- Some drugs such as penicillin,
aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided
- Certain foods can prevent nasal
polyposis as foods rich in antioxidants, rich in vitamins A, C and E, fruits
and vegetables, ...
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Allergies et asthme
Food diversification: what are the risks?
Food diversification is a mandatory step in the life of the infant. While in theory, the gradual introduction of food for the baby seems more simple, things are different in practice. Small dietary errors can cause many diseases that we are sometimes difficult to imagine ...Dietary errors
Dietary errors
Milk is the main food during the first few months after birth. It contributes to the development and maturation of the various organ systems of the infant.
Food diversification is usually performed at the age of 6 months to avoid dietary errors and may be the cause of health risks in infants. Indeed, although still immature, at the age of 6 months, the digestive system is ready to begin to digest certain foods. Hence the need for a gradual diversification.
Dietary errors during a food diversification are mainly related to:
- A lack or excess in certain nutrients, both in qualitative and quantitative terms (fatty acids, iron, calcium, protein, sodium, ...)
- The administration of food containing gluten
- Excess salt and sugar
- The reduction of the daily quantity of milk
The risks of dietary errors
The risks of dietary errors
Dietary errors during a food diversification bad conduct are responsible for some anomalies sometimes difficult to control. The risk of developing these reactions are even higher when the baby was born prematurely.
Allergies are the main diseases caused by a dietary error. They can manifest as eczema, asthma or edema and swelling. This is called a food allergy. The risk of developing allergies are even more increased when the infant has atopy. In this case, it is important to pay attention to certain foods such as eggs, fish, peanuts, soybeans ...
Celiac disease is common in infants predisposed during the administration of food containing gluten.
Excessive intake of protein, salty foods, sugary foods can be harmful to the infant. Indeed, parents tend to abuse of these products to enhance the taste of food. The risk of obesity, diabetes and high blood pressure when the baby grows up, is high in case of error during a dietary food diversification. Cow's milk may be responsible for these diseases because of excess protein, sodium, potassium and phosphorus.
Even if food diversification, milk must remain essential food and basic infant to cover calcium needs, needs essential fatty acids and iron requirements. The introduction of other foods tends to reduce the daily amount of milk in the diet can cause a calcium deficiency and iron deficiency. Iron deficiency can cause anemia, predisposing the infant to the risk of failure to thrive, delayed psychomotor development and various respiratory and ENT infections. Thus, the milk must not be reduced or replaced by other foods.
Thus, a new food should be introduced so isolated, and should be given twice to avoid possible allergy (at least once per week), it also helps to know exactly the food causing possible intolerance.
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Allergies et asthme
How to cure conjunctivitis?
Conjunctivitis ... a benign disease.
Infectious, allergic or toxic, consultation is always necessary for action to
be taken is not quite the same. Antibiotics or antiseptic single? Better to let
the ophthalmologist examine and respond ...
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of
the conjunctiva (the white part of the eye). The conjunctiva is a thin, clear
membrane that protects the inside of the eyelid. It is a vascular structure,
hence if irritation or inflammation, blood vessels are dilated and causes
redness of the eye.
Conjunctivitis can be due to several
causes or factors. The events, developments and treatment modalities are
specific to each etiology.
However, conjunctivitis is
often manifested by redness of the eye, burning or "sand in the
eyes", sometimes accompanied by flows whose appearance varies causes. The
eyes may become painful, watery and are often sensitive to light.
In case of conjunctivitis, a
consultation with a GP or ophthalmologist is necessary to detect causes. It is
also useful for the doctor to do a thorough examination of the eyes and eyelids
to find any wound or foreign body in the eye.
The doctor's visit is
especially required when
- Signs persist for more than 3
days,
- The person with diabetes is
conjunctivitis
- Conjunctivitis tends to recur
- Conjunctivitis reached a child or
infant
- Disorders of vision are obvious
Conjunctivitis is a benign
condition and does not last more than 3 days. Complications are generally rare
when treatment is appropriate and well led.
It differs essentially:
- Infectious conjunctivitis
(bacterial, viral)
- The toxic conjunctivitis
- Allergic conjunctivitis
Infectious conjunctivitis
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused
by bacteria. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus are the most common causes.
Besides the common manifestations characterizing conjunctivitis, bacterial
conjunctivitis causes the appearance of purulent secretions. Antibiotic therapy
is required during treatment, often in the form of eye drops or ointment,
sometimes combined with an antibiotic administered systemically. Bacterial
conjunctivitis is contagious.
The patient often wakes up in
the morning with eyelids stuck by yellowish crusts.
The viral conjunctivitis
The viral conjunctivitis usually
occurs in an epidemic context, it is also highly contagious and often affects
both eyes. Secretions are not purulent but clear and watery. The adenovirus is
most often involved.
Viral conjunctivitis is mainly
treated with antiseptic washes. Antivirals are necessary in case of
conjunctivitis herpes.
In people with low immunity, or at
risk of bacterial infection, antibiotics are sometimes necessary for prevention.
However, the doctor is only able to assess the need.
Viral conjunctivitis may persist for
several weeks.
Allergic conjunctivitis
Allergic conjunctivitis is more
evident among those with atopy. Dust (mites), pollen, pet dander are often the
cause of allergic conjunctivitis. This condition is usually associated with
chronic allergic rhinitis or asthma, runny nose, sneezing .... Doctors
prescribe an antihistamine, a decongestant or anti-inflammatory, regular
washing eyes with saline or antiseptic drops is recommended.
Allergic conjunctivitis is not
contagious and is manifested by redness and irritation of the eyes, sometimes
associated with a small swelling of the conjunctiva. The itching is intense.
In case of allergic conjunctivitis,
the patient is referred to an allergist.
Toxic conjunctivitis
The toxic chemical conjunctivitis or
conjunctivitis is due to infiltration of toxic substances in the eye (smoke,
pool chlorine, cosmetics, chemicals ...). Burning sensations are the main signs
of this type of conjunctivitis. The extensive washing with water or saline is
highly recommended to arrival at the ophthalmologist. This is often because of
an emergency in case of delay of care, toxic chemicals can cause lesions in
various structures of the eye, which may be causing blurred vision.
Our tips
- Apply a compress soaked in
warm water at the eyelid of the affected eye, it helps relieve itching and
possible pain
- Avoid rubbing your eye
- Wash hands before and after
cleaning the eyes
- Regularly wash eyes with saline or
saline water
- Apply treatments or eye drops
prescribed by the doctor until the indicated treatment, even if the
conjunctivitis is healed,
- In case of conjunctivitis in
children, it is better to keep them at home to avoid any contamination in cases
of infectious conjunctivitis
- Do not wear contact lenses until
the healing of the conjunctiva
- In case of local treatment drops,
learn the drops in the inner corner of the eye (near the nose), so that the
drug can easily spread throughout the eye it is easier to get help.
Thus, if the evolution of
conjunctivitis is always positive, it is wise to consult a doctor to better
care. Treatments are different depending on the cause of conjunctivitis, and
must be well conducted. Infectious conjunctivitis are contagious; care and eye
care are more difficult to avoid contamination. Allergic conjunctivitis
requires more specific care and it is advisable to avoid allergens, causing
irritation.
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Allergies et asthme
What Fernand Widal syndrome?
If Fernand Widal syndrome remains
poorly understood by all, intolerance to aspirin and certain non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory in some people with asthma, however, is common. Combining
asthma, nasal polyps and aspirin intolerance, the triad is quite disturbing and
deserves to be known ...
Fernand Widal syndrome affects
mainly adults with asthma quarantine or fifties and associates
- A chronic and progressive asthma, which
can be serious and severe
- Intolerance to aspirin (or acetyl
salicylic acid) and anti-inflammatory drugs
- A sinonasal polyposis, the cause
of rhinitis or chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal obstruction manifested by
Other signs may also appear as the
congestion of the eyes and nose with watery eyes, and respiratory tract
congestion. Some patients simultaneously digestive disorders (rare signs), or
hives.
These signs are not always obvious,
intolerance to aspirin is most pronounced.
Fernand Widal syndrome often occurs
a few minutes to a few hours (sometimes even months) after taking aspirin, with
an asthma attack more or less severe that lasts a few days. Other signs appear
later.
The mechanism of this syndrome
involve genetic factors, age and immune status of the subject. Fernand Widal
syndrome is rare in children and often concerned about this atopy.
The diagnosis of Fernand Widal
syndrome is placed on a well-conducted interview. In biological terms, blood
eosinophilia (increase the rate of eosinophils) is observed.
Fernand Widal syndrome requires a
specialized consultation with a physician specializing in ear, nose and throat.
Treatment is difficult and is usually based on inhalation corticosteroids.
It is also advisable to avoid
definitely take Aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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What are the causes of chronic diarrhea?
Chronic diarrhea may be a disease
but can also be a sign of other chronic diseases. Bowel disease, pancreatic disease,
reactions to certain substances, food allergies, ... The reasons are many but
the main ones to know.
We're talking about chronic diarrhea
when beeps more than 3 loose stools per day for more than 3 to 4 weeks.
Theoretically, chronic diarrhea is characterized by an average weight greater
than 300g / d stool.
Chronic diarrhea may be associated
with fever, weight loss, abdominal pain, vomiting or bloody stools. The
presence of these signs warrants an emergency consultation.
The causes are many, diarrhea may be
a sign of disease or constitute itself a disease. However, the doctor is only
able to distinguish the type of diarrhea by the patient and investigate the
cause.
There are several forms of chronic
diarrhea, but the most common are water diarrhea or diarrhea without
malabsorption. We talk about
- Diarrhea driving when stools are
frequent and numerous, with urgent and related to an acceleration of intestinal
transit needs. Diarrhea often occurs in the morning or after a meal. This type
of diarrhea is mainly encountered in functional bowel disorders,
hyperthyroidism, rarely diabetes, amyloidosis, or carcinoid syndrome.
- Secretory diarrhea when stools are
frequent and appear even if the subject is fasting. Colitis is the main
condition manifested by a secretory diarrhea. However, certain medications such
as digitalis, biguanides or excessive use of laxatives can cause this type of
diarrhea.
- Osmotic diarrhea when stools are
frequent but stop when the subject is fasting. Lactase deficiency is the main
cause of this type of diarrhea, which often occurs after ingestion of milk.
Other major causes are also sought:
- Infections (parasitosis example)
- Ulcerative colitis
- Crohn's Disease
- Celiac disease
- The diverticula
- Colorectal cancer
- Pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer
- The cholestasis
- The irritable bowel
- Lactose intolerance, gluten
intolerance
- Food allergies
- A notion of excessive use of
laxatives
- The Zollinger-Ellison
Our tips
In case of chronic diarrhea
- To rehydrate regularly with oral
rehydration salts
- Avoid drinks containing caffeine
- Focus adequate food: carrots,
rice, ...
- Avoid
self-medication
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Allergies et asthme
What causes a chronic cough?
The cough is a sign that allows the body to eliminate unnecessary and aggressive lung substances, and also facilitates the release of the airway by removing excess mucus.
The cough may be a sign of lung disease, a digestive disorder, but also a reflex reaction in case of irritation of the throat or airways by dust, chemicals or pollution.
A cough can be assessed according to its duration. Chronic cough usually lasts for several weeks (more than 3 weeks) it is a condition that is a very common reason for consultation. However, care needs to know the causes, which are many, but are not always obvious to the patient.
Chronic cough is often a sign of illness or abnormal condition of the body. Thus, a medical consultation is required and is to examine the patient, taking into account his background, his profession. It is also very important to know and notice other signs that accompany coughing. These accompanying signs are different from one case to another and may guide the diagnosis: dyspnea, fatigue, choking, lymphadenopathy, recurrent vomiting, ... Additional tests are often necessary to achieve a specific cause, it can be an X-ray lungs, pulmonary function tests, ...
Chronic cough may appear in case of digestive obstructive lung disease, or in case of disturbances in ENT.
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What are the causes of a stuffy nose?
A stuffy nose is a handicap in
everyday life and becomes tiring, especially when this phenomenon occurs
continuously. A medical consultation is often necessary to find the causes.
Sinusitis, rhinitis, tumor ... explorations must be serious.
The nose plays essential roles in
our daily lives. The air we breathe passes first through the nose, at which
level it is humidified and warmed before entering the lungs and bronchi in
order not to overload the alveoli. The nose is also involved in the sense of
smell and taste through the olfactory nerves.
Thus, a stuffy nose or nasal
congestion is a handicap in everyday life and becomes tiring, especially when
this phenomenon occurs continuously. A medical consultation is often necessary
to find the causes. The specialist of this body is the ear, nose and throat.
The doctor looks for characteristics
of stuffy nose:
- Unilateral or bilateral,
- Permanently or passenger in a
particular context
- History of nose surgery
- Exposure to chemicals or allergy
concepts (asthma, rhinitis) concepts, notions of irritation
- The concepts of trauma
According to the examination and the
clinical context, a stuffy nose may require additional tests that can guide the
physician in his diagnosis.
Several causes can be used, and are
the cause of nasal congestion.
Inflammation of the nasal mucous and
stuffy nose
Allergic rhinitis is often triggered
by the presence of an allergen (dust, pollen, animal dander, cold, moisture,
...). Allergic rhinitis may be seasonal hay as colds, but can be persistent
when the allergen is found constantly in the environment of the individual
concerned. In addition to nasal congestion, allergic rhinitis is manifested
mainly by sneezing, runny nose, itchy palate of the mouth or throat ...
Colds or viral rhinitis can also
cause inflammation of the mucous membranes and cause nasal congestion. This
condition is not permanent and is caused by exposure of the subject to a virus
(rhinovirus or coronarovirus), with attachment of the virus in the mucosa of
the nose, eyes and mouth. The common cold is contagious and is transmitted as
from infected droplets during sneezing. The signs of a cold are less intense
than those of the flu, with runny nose, fever, headache and fatigue.
Chronic sinusitis can cause a
chronic inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes. It is an inflammation of
the sinuses that can be caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi. Some allergens
can also cause sinusitis in people with allergic conditions. During chronic
sinusitis, there is a disturbance in the drainage of mucus. Sinusitis is
characterized by pain on eye rims, which are usually worse when the subject
leans forward. These pains are accompanied by runny nose and nasal congestion.
Vasomotor rhinitis is a form of
persistent rhinitis appears mostly in young women under stress. It is also
evidenced by nasal congestion and a runny nose. There are several other factors
such as promoting smoke, pollution, moisture and certain smells.
Polyps are also chronic diseases
that cause chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes. Nasal congestion is accompanied
by the loss of smell.
In case of unilateral nasal
obstruction, one can think of a tumor, usually benign, such as nasopharyngeal
fibroma. Malignant tumor causes are rare but possible.
Structural abnormalities and stuffy
nose
The shape abnormalities can affect
the bones of the nose, the nasal septum, the nose or the valves. Structural
damage of these parts may be the cause of nasal obstruction mechanically. The
cause may be traumatic or congenital.
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Atopic dermatitis, what is it?
The sensibility of a person to an
allergen can occur in several forms: asthma, rhinitis, eczema ... atopic
dermatitis is a particular form in a child predisposed. As the disease
manifests itself, what are the causes, treatments ... The answers are in this
article.
Atopic dermatitis is a form of
allergy that primarily affects children, but also reached adult and respect the
skin. It is also called eczema or atopic dermatitis or atopic eczema infant.
Atopic dermatitis evolves in spurts
and is manifested especially before the age of 6 months. It mainly affects a
child with a predisposed to allergies, in most cases, one parent has an atopic.
These are people with increased sensitivity to certain allergens, and this
characteristic is inherited and transmitted from parent to child.
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin
inflammation that often begins with dry skin or xerosis, whose development is
favored more by the cold and stress.
Thus, superimposed on genetic
predisposition, many allergens are involved, they trigger and maintain
eruptions. These allergens are different from one child to another and need to
be detected early by parents. Other factors are promoting skin irritation
(excessive washing, excessive hygiene), immune deficiency, confined
environment, exposure to pet dander, exposure to tobacco smoke, exposure to
pollen , exposure to pollution .... The environment a child prone to allergies
have a significant impact on his health.
Atopic dermatitis appears as red,
scaly and dry with scabs, itchy lesions. These lesions are usually localized to
the scalp, cheeks, chin, limbs and skin folds. In infants, the lesions can also
occur in the abdomen.
The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis
in children is established when the pruritic skin lesions are associated with
other signs such as:
- Definition of asthma and allergic
rhinitis in the family, including children less than 4 years
- Appearance of dry skin or xerosis
before the age of 1 year
- The signs appear for the first
time before the age of 2 years
- The child has experienced
flare-ups before
Atopic dermatitis is changing slowly
with periods of flare-ups, including the presence of allergens involved and
contributing factors. Complications are rare, but they exist. The bacterial
infection (Staphylococcus aureus) lesions are the major complications to be
feared because of scratching or irritation. The infection of lesions by herpes
virus is also possible where the need for vaccination. In addition, the itching
can cause sleep disorders and irritation in children.
Atopic dermatitis is mainly
influenced by the terrain, so the treatment is based on the prevention of
relapses and the treatment of signs during flares. Prevention of relapses is
based on measures of maintenance and eviction of contributing factors:
- Use warm water for toilets and
baby avoid soaps or other irritants
- To bring to baby cotton clothes
- Apply emollients and moisturizers
after bathing
All products used in baby care must
be tested and recommended by the doctor.
During periods thrust of
corticosteroids for topical application are prescribed by the doctor. These
drugs can relieve itching and reduce inflammation of the skin. Antibiotic or
antiseptic drugs are needed in case of infection. The emollient application
also helps to fight against dryness of the skin. Medical supervision to the
allergist is recommended because atopic predisposes the child to several other
forms of allergies that must be caught early.
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Shortness of breath: where it comes from?
Shortness of breath is a completely
subjective and sometimes difficult to assess sign. This is normally an
automatic act, but when the subject requires a lot of effort to make, then
there is a problem.
Breathing is a physiological or
mechanical action that allows the body to bring oxygen and carbon dioxide to
reject. We're talking about shortness of breath or dyspnea when the subject
experiences discomfort when breathing and effort needed to breathe.
Shortness of breath is a sign of a
disease or an abnormality in the functioning of the body, involving the
transport mechanism and entry of oxygen from the mouth until it reaches the
level muscle cells.
Breathlessness is a subjective sign,
the description and the sensation varies from one individual to another, but
essentially depends on lifestyle, age and terrain. Shortness of breath can
easily occur in an older person, it can also be felt in an effort for a person
(climbing stairs, for example) but does not necessarily appear in other people
for the same effort. Thus, evaluation is sometimes difficult, often requiring
the measurement of respiration by pulmonary function tests.
Knowledge of the characteristics of
breath allows the physician to guide its further tests and diagnosis.
The seniority of breath essentially
allows easy orientation towards research into the causes of acute and chronic
diseases.
- Shortness of breath may occur
abruptly, it is called acute dyspnea. It is a sign of acute disease and recent
onset.
- Shortness of breath can also be
chronic and sign the existence of a disease that has evolved from chronic or
progressive way, a way of life unsuitable (obesity or lack of exercise) can
also cause shortness of breath chronic.
Other parameters on the
characteristics of breathlessness must consider:
- The installation mode
- The triggering factors: change of
position, stress, ...
- The aggravating factors
- Signs accompanying cough, chest
pain, ...
Depending on the clinical and data,
the doctor may prescribe the most appropriate investigations, it can be an
electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, blood tests, a CT scan or MRI, ...
The causes of breathlessness are
grouped according to whether it is a cause of cardiovascular origin or cause of
pulmonary or respiratory origin. Other situations or context are not really
causes but are, however, factors that trigger or aggravate chest tightness.
Marked obstruction in the
respiratory tract can cause difficulty breathing. The disease in question may
affect the bronchi, lungs, pleura, ribs.
The heart acts as a pump and ejects
the oxygen to the organs of the body blood, he also works at the expense of gas
exchanges that occur in the lungs. Any disruption in the transport of
oxygenated blood in the cardiovascular system are causing shortness of breath.
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Allergies et asthme
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