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Showing posts with label L'alcool et le tabac et les drogues: la dépendance. Show all posts

Lymphoma of the stomach

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A British team has achieved encouraging results in the treatment of lymphoma of the stomach with antibiotics to eradicate the germ called Helicobacter pylori, the germ which is frequently found in gastric and duodenal ulcers.
Gastric lymphoma represents only 5% of gastric cancers, but is sometimes more common in some regions, such as the north-east of Italy and the Middle East.
It seems that the Helicobacter pylori by the immune responses it uses, is able to stimulate the growth of gastric lymphoma.
6 patients received treatment with Ampicillin associated with omeprazole. The organism has been eradicated in all cases. In 5 patients, lymphoma disappeared and did not reappear until 10 months after treatment.
These encouraging results, besides the fact that this treatment can be applied as first-line lymphoma of the stomach, suggest that other nodal lymphomas can benefit from this treatment if they are immunologically sensitive.

However, prudence dictates that we wait to see if these results are sustainable.

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Drug Penalties

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Trafficking and drug usage are prohibited and punished by the criminal law.
Traffic is punishable by penalties, which can range from 10 years imprisonment to life imprisonment, lorsqu'existent aggravating circumstances such as selling drugs to minors, the formation of gangs, recidivism etc. .. (Penal Code Art. 222-34 / 222-43).
Convicts are excluded from the amnesty laws.
The simple use of narcotics is punishable by a prison sentence of one year and a fine of 25,000 francs
(Art.628 of the Code of Public Health).
However, these penalties will not be executed by the parties which have complied with medical treatment (rehab) that has been prescribed to them under the control of the competent health authority, by the Tribunal and who will follow up its term. (Art. 628-1 of the Code of Public Health).


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drug detoxification

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  Detoxification, also known as withdrawal, by analogy to the depriving of its mother's milk the infant to gradually make him another food deprivation is more or less rapid toxic.
- Cures detoxification (alcohol, drugs) are not specialized in medical circles as the deprivation often causes severe problems, which must be treated strictly, when the addict is no longer under the influence of the drug.
Any person prosecuted for the first time for drug usage will be delivered from condemnation if it follows to the end the rehab prescribed by the Tribunal.

Similarly, any addict who comes forward in a clinic or hospital for treatment, may remained anonymous and can not be prosecuted for illicit drug use (Art. L 355-21 et seq health public).

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Drugs (Part 2)

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The distinction between hard and soft drugs is very artificial.
You should know that there is no safe drug.
Sweet alleged drugs such as marijuana, causing slower effect but, in the long run as harmful as hard drugs which they lead also almost always.
CRACK
Drug cocaine derivative, which is in the form of crystals.
Crack is smoked mixed with tobacco or marijuana. Smoking subjects crack outnumber those using éroïne. Women in particular, in the United States.
Administered and the effect of cocaine is overwhelming: euphoria, power, exacerbation of sexual feelings in particular, feel very powerful, creative, brilliant.
Concentration in the brain is extremely important.
The DEPENDENCY is rapid.
The craving is manifested by the absolute necessity to start smoking, the decline is very fast.
This drug is one of the most horibles ever.
Pregnant women who smoke crack, lose this basic instinct of the human species: the maternal instinct.
A drugged-partum, not even interested in the child she has given birth to.
In the United States, there have been mothers who sell food from their children to buy their drugs when they do not kill outright their baby.
Children born to addicted mothers are often premature. They must spend several weeks in intensive care. They often carry a congenital malformation, cerebral infarction and often victims of sudden death.
And if they survive, they become agitated, aggressive, unsociable.
A serious problem remains in the United States, in particular, is the adoption of these children who quickly become orphans.
HEROINE
Morphine derivative.
Substance used by drug addicts, usually by the intravenous route.
The injection of 0.10 cg can be fatal.
The acute intoxication is accompanied by respiratory coma up apnea (cessation of breathing).
It can manifest paresis of the upper limbs (motor disorders) and blurred vision.
In case of acute intoxication, nalorphine is an antidote of choice.
(See HEROINE)
ICE
It is a new drug called yet CRYSTAL, or SPEED CRANK, a drug of the amphetamine.
It is clandestinely manufactured in Korea and Taiwan also in the United States.
His administration is easy since it is smoked in a pipe. Its effect lasts 24 to 48 hours.
His work is characterized by euphoria, loss of fatigue, insomnia and rebel loss of appetite all.
The effect past the patient in a dark sleep that can last several days.
The DEPENDENCY is very important.
Under the influence of drugs, like any amphetamine of schizophrénoïdes or paranoid reactions can be. The patient may become aggressive and can be dangerous to himself and others.
This is an extremely dangerous drug that may take some extension due to its production is scattered in many countries today.
MORPHINE
Morphine is a valuable pain reliever that is too often diverted from its primary goal by drug addicts.
The acute intoxication (overdose) may cause death by respiratory arrest.
Chronic poisoning is characterized by abdominal pain, constipation, miosis (constricted pupils), the skin becomes dry, wrinkled, shiny.

The addiction to drugs is fast enough, a few weeks.

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Drugs (Part 1)

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The distinction between hard and soft drugs is very artificial.
You should know that there is no safe drug.
Sweet alleged drugs such as marijuana, causing slower effect but, in the long run as harmful as hard drugs which they lead also almost always.
AMPHETAMINES
Stimulating intellectual and physical, frequently used by scholars and athletes and lead to a real toximanie.
Amphetamines are also used as poison against barbiturates in the treatment of enuresis and moderator of Apetite.
It causes serious psychological crises type of paranoia
Is referred to by that name many hypnotic drugs that promote sleep or are used under general anesthesia to induce immediate sleep.
Barbiturates, used indiscriminately, causing poisoning, sometimes voluntary, in the case of suicide attempts.
Chronic poisoning seen in insomniacs, causes skin and neurological manifestations.
The acute intoxication is characterized by a quiet coma may end in death.
Treatment:
- Chronic poisoning obviously treated by stopping the consumption of barbiturates.
- In case of acute intoxication, the key is to cause a rapid evacuation of toxic, including gastric lavage, monitored by a doctor.
COCAINE
Cocaine is what is known as a hard drug whose lethal dose is about 30 grams if absoption through mucous membranes and about 1 gram after absorption through the mouth.
The acute intoxication with cocaine causes excitement phase with feeling of well-being.
Then the subject is cool, heart rhythm accelerates, there is mydriasis (pupil dilation) and convulsions appear finally coma and death.
Chronic poisoning is characterized by mood disorders, hallucinations, sometimes by a perforation of the nasal septum in the addict uses cocaine inhalation taken.
The treatment is carried out by conventional methods of gastric lavage or mucosa, under the supervision of a physician.
It has been described strokes or hemorrhagic ischiemiques in young subjects.
These accidents are often related to alcohol intoxication (alcohol) associated.
These accidents leave serious sequelae.
The ECTASY
This drug called "love pill" is a derivative of amphetamine.
Long considered a safe drug (as if it could exist), it is supposed to give the desire to love, to love people and seek their contact.
In reality it is a dangerous drug that increases perceptions and blew inhibitions.
It can cause delirium when the socket is normal.
Contrary to the promises that might suggest her name, she has no specific action on the sexual sphere.
It can lead to paranoid states and schizophrénoïdes
Youth meet for days at a time to listen to this kind of music and ecstasy is part of the ceremony.
Ecstasy should be considered a drug and a dangerous drug.
Because, in addition to behavioral disorders (confusion, anxiety), depression phenomena and hallucinations have been reported. It can also cause death.
HASHISH (Marihuana)
Extracted from Indian hemp, whose flowers are used to make marijuana resin.
This drug is exhilarating.
Addicts use in cigarettes.
This so-called soft drugs is quickly becoming as dangerous, if not more, by its insidious nature, the hard drugs.

In high doses, it can cause respiratory failure by bulbar depression or cardiac arrest.

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Drinking and driving

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A driver of a vehicle, even in the absence of any signs of obvious intoxication is considered under the influence of alcohol when there is the presence in the blood of a pure alcohol content equal to or greater than 0.50 g per thousand.
Alcohol seriously affects driving skills:
- False sense of well-being,
- Perception of slower obstacles,
- Taking unnecessary risks
- Narrowing of the visual field,
- False appreciation of distances,
- Driving struck,
- Violent and sudden braking
Alcohol is present in 40% of fatal accidents.
Some people experience the effects of alcohol on their behavior at 0.3 g / liter of blood (lean subjects in particular).
The same amount of alcohol consumption can cause varying BAC.
For example, a 75 kg man who drinks two glasses of wine during the meal reaches 0.50 g / liter.
A 50 kg woman reaches 0.84 g / liter.
A 0.50 g alcohol / liter, the risk of causing an accident doubles.
Some drugs, such as tranquilizers, potentiate the effects of alcohol (not to mention drugs taken together, especially during rave parties).
You should know that for a man of 75 kg
- Half of beer (25 cl) causes alcohol 0.15 g / liter
- A pastis (5 cl) causes a BAC of 0.14 g / liter,
- A glass of wine (12 cl) causes a BAC of 0.25 g / liter,
- Champagne (8 cl) causes a BAC of 0.15 g / liter.
You should know that obviously the BAC are added, for example: a pastis and 2 glasses of wine cause a BAC of 0.53 g / liter (above the legal limit).
The BAC peaked one hour after the last drink and absorption decreases of 0.15 g / liter / hour after the second hour.
If you are unsure whether you are able to drive, just test you.
Breathalyzers sell for a few francs in pharmacies, gas stations and supermarkets.
Decree n. 94-570 of 11 July 1994 and the Decree. 95-962 of 29 August 1995, provided two thresholds punishable BAC for drivers even if they show no signs of obvious intoxication:
- If the alcohol level in the blood is greater than or equal to 0.50 g per thousand or present in the exhaled air shows an alcohol concentration equal to or greater than 0.25 mg per liter, the driver is liable to a fine. (Violation of the fourth class).
- If the observed rates are equal to or greater than 0.80 g per thousand in the blood or 0.40 mg per liter in the exhaled air, it is a crime and the penalty is increased to imprisonment for two years (maximum) and a fine of 30,000 F (maximum).
(Art. L 233-5 and R 1 of the Highway Code)
Alcohol status is proved by the screening tests which are the main breathalyzer and blood.
The breath test is performed using a device conforming to a type approved for determining the alcohol for analysis of exhaled air.
The applicant is entitled to request a second test, after verifying the proper operation of the device (see breathalyzer)
Anyone who refuses to submit to the breathalyzer test is punishable equal to that applicable to any person who is convicted of being under the influence of alcohol condition worsens.
When the state of apparent intoxication or when screening tests to determine the presence of alcohol, or when the driver refuses to undergo the police officers will arrange for a blood test for analyzes and medical examinations.
The refusal of the blood is liable to the same penalty as that imposed on drunk drivers
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Deficient transferrin cocarboxylase

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When there are several associations, we start by districts PARIS, then alphabetically by departments in the province.

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Deficient transferrin cocarboxylase

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So far, the rate of GAMMA GT and MCV (see these terms), mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells, allowed to have an idea of ​​a patient's chronic alcohol.
However, the specificity of these two markers is fairly low as modified in many other conditions not involving alcohol.
A new marker is much more specific and much sharper sensitivity.
It is the carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).
In a subject who does not drink, the rate of CST is 2% relative to the total transferrin.
In a patient who drinks, the percentage of CDT increases very rapidly when alcohol consumption is greater at a dose of 50 to 80 g of alcohol per day for at least 8 days (a bottle of wine to 10 °)
The specificity of this assay is 97% and the estimated 82% sensitivity.
The half-life of CDT is 17 days, which makes it an interesting index in cases of intermittent alcohol.
The rate of CST is not influenced by other conditions (hence its specificity) or by taking medication.
This rate will be positive if the alcohol is more than 15 days with a consumption of 50 to 80 g of alcohol per day.
Note that pregnancy influences the dosing increments per liter every 5 weeks after the first trimester
This new marker is a valuable aid for the detection and monitoring of alcohol.
After 3 weeks of stopping alcohol intoxication, this assay is standardized.
It can detect relapse when the patient does not breathe a word.
Remember that alcohol can have normal levels of gamma GT. The CDT assay circumvents this problem.
By cons, subjects who do not drink can have high gamma GT. The CDT assay is then normal.
The CDT assay is an enzyme-linked radioimmunoassay.
It is considered a normal dose of CDT less than 60 mg / liter.
A subject who does not drink at a lower rate 60.
The increase in a subject who drinks is discreet, between 60 and 300 mg / liter, but this increase sign the excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages.

The specificity and sensitivity of this new marker is very interesting for the treatment of the disease of alcoholism.

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maternal smoking

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Tobacco is absolutely against-indicated in pregnancy by the extremely serious repercussions it may have on the fetus.
Women who smoke often have babies smaller than normal weight (200 to 300 g less on average).
This is due to poor oxygenation of the fetus and zinc deficiency (cadmium from tobacco smoke captures the zinc in the placenta).
That fetal growth retardation is often associated with significant disorders in education (educational backwardness very common and very late net intellectual apprenticeship).
If the mother smokes more than 20 cigarettes per day, a teratogenic risk exists (possible fetal malformations).
Moreover, it seems demonstrated that women smokers are much more likely to have children with behavioral problems, sometimes very serious, like fire, to become responsible for vandalism, physical cruelty, sexual coercion and flights (American study by Dr. Wakshiag Chicago).
Changes in the functioning of the nervous children might be related to a change in the uptake of SEROTONIN and the synthesis of DNA and RNA (see these terms) in the brains of these children of smoking mothers
It was also shown that children of smoking mothers have a much higher risk of stroke, myocardial infarction and cancer development when they have over fifty.
Finally there is evidence that women who smoke have a much higher risk of developing ectopic pregnancy at the time of ovum fertilization.
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heroin overdose

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And is called acute intoxication due to drugs.
This acute poisoning seen in general in the addict who injects an overdose, but also in the transport of drugs "in corpore"
- Either by ingestion of bags during the arrest of the dealer,
- Either by breaking intrarectaux bags or intravaginal.
SYMPTOMS
Acute poisoning based drug morphine or morphine-mimetic is characterized by:
- Impairment of consciousness, coma, reflecting cerebral anoxia (not enough oxygen reaches the brain);
- A very tight miosis: the pupil is very small pinhead;
- Respiratory depression with bradypnea (slow breathing which results in a decrease the amount of oxygen carried by the blood and an increase in carbon dioxide);
- Apnea (breathing) can occur at any time with the risk of cardiac arrest;
- We need to know more than acute pulmonary edema can occur 24 to 48 hours after taking an overdose.
TREATMENT
It is based on word of mouth, or better, the manual insufflation device connected to an oxygen source. In case of severe respiratory depression, controlled ventilation after tracheal intubation is required. The patient will be transferred to the ICU for monitoring.
Intravenous injection or infusion of naloxone (Nalone) quickly corrects respiratory depression due to heroin.
The intramuscular injection can be made in cases of venous problems, but the effect is longer to manifest.

Finally, be aware that the concomitant use of alcohol may cause a dangerous hypoglycemia (collapse of the sugar levels in the blood).

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Doping and EPO

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Despite the ban for this purpose, the erythropoéïtine (EPO) is used by athletes to improve performance, because this substance can increase the number of red blood cells and enhances the possibilities of oxygenation of the body.
This is done at the expense of blood flow and can cause thrombosis see hypertension.
After EPO injection, occurs stimulation of red blood cell production.
This increase in red blood cells begins to occur 3-4 days after injection ..
It is even stronger than the EPO dose is important.
The same phenomenon is observed during a stay aloft for 6 continuous weeks at 3000 meters.
HEMATOCRIT (see this term) that exceeded 50%.
At the 50% risk of serious complications is obvious.
Besides thrombosis and hypertension, may occur circulatory slowdown due to hyperviscosity.
The maximum heart rate is affected and the ability of diffusion of oxygen to the muscle.
Various physical exercises help accelerate the skin of cardiac output, which allows a certain extent to avoid the phenomenon of thrombosis.
Currently it seems that athletes who dope instead use low doses of EPO daily.
You should know that the life of red blood cells is about three months and increase the values ​​of hematological indices extend this period.
It seems that the administration of EPO is mainly used in endurance sports.
Finally, be aware that some batches of EPO (of dubious origin) are of questionable quality and immunological reactions, with the production of human antibodies antiérythropoïétine were noted.
It was also noted serious autoimmune diseases and even death.
From the point of view of the detection of this type of doping there is a beam matching arguments for a high probability of fraudulent use of EPO: hematocrit, hemoglobin, reticulocyte numbers (see this term), soluble transferrin receptors .
It seems that the detection of urinary EPO used as doping is possible due to different isoelectric point between these recombinant EPO and natural EPO.
recombinant EPO having an isoelectric point of 4.42 to 5.11 while the natural EPO would have an isoelectric point of 3.92 to 4.42

More natural EPO has more acid bands

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bulimia associations

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When there are several associations, we start by districts PARIS, then alphabetically by departments in the province.

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Tobacco and harelip

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The cleft lip is a congenital malformation of the upper lip, usually in the form of slot may be accompanied by malformations of the palate (the palace).
This defect can be in various forms, plain or bilateral.
Surgical treatment is generally not before the age of six months for the lip, a little later (18 months) for cleft palate if it exists.
Monitoring of the child must be strict to undertake an early speech therapy if necessary and possibly consider installing a dental prosthesis.
A study by the National Center for Health Statistics. American has highlighted a link between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the occurrence of beaks hares.

Even if a light smoking is not free of risks, the malformation seems to be all the more important that smoking is important.

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Obesity and beer

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Beer is an energy drink.
Carbohydrates account for 30% of inputs and 70% alcohol.
The current experiments, both experimental and epidemiological, provide no argument for the relationship between beer consumption and weight gain.
Making beer, in moderation of course, is not fattening.

This can be explained by a compensation mechanism with reduced

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Burgundy wine (dietary)

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Consumed in moderate amounts, the white wines of Burgundy, including Chablis, MEURSAULT, Pouilly, Montrachet, the Pouilly Fuissé and Saint Veran may have a diuretic action.

The consumption of red wine known rightly for their generosity should be monitored, and they should not be absorbed doses modérées.A to avoid for gout.

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. Burgundy wine (dietary)

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Consumed in moderate amounts, the white wines of Burgundy, including Chablis, MEURSAULT, Pouilly, Montrachet, the Pouilly Fuissé and Saint Veran may have a diuretic action.

The consumption of red wine known rightly for their generosity should be monitored, and they should not be absorbed doses modérées.A to avoid for gout.

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Smoking and Pregnancy

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Tobacco is absolutely against-indicated in pregnancy by the extremely serious repercussions it may have on the fetus.
Women who smoke often have babies smaller than normal weight (200 to 300 g less on average).
This is due to poor oxygenation of the fetus and zinc deficiency (cadmium from tobacco smoke captures the zinc in the placenta).
That fetal growth retardation is often associated with significant disorders in education (educational backwardness very common and very late net intellectual apprenticeship).
If the mother smokes more than 20 cigarettes per day, a teratogenic risk exists (possible fetal malformations).
Moreover, it seems demonstrated that women smokers are much more likely to have children with behavioral problems, sometimes very serious, like fire, to become responsible for vandalism, physical cruelty, sexual coercion and flights (American study by Dr. Wakshiag Chicago).
Changes in the functioning of the nervous children might be related to a change in the uptake of SEROTONIN and the synthesis of DNA and RNA (see these terms) in the brains of these children of smoking mothers.

It was also shown that children of smoking mothers have a much higher risk of stroke, myocardial infarction and cancer development when they have over fifty.

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Poppers

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Aliphatic nitrites are banned in the United States but can be sold in sex shops in France.
It is amyl nitrite, butyl, propyl, which are used in inhalation.
This causes methemoglobinemia can be fatal if it is not taken care of immediately.
That oxygen binds to red blood cells in a reversible manner, the iron in hemoglobin should remain as ferrous iron (Fe 2 +).
Methemoglobin is the oxidized form of hemoglobin, the iron atoms from the ferric state (Fe3 +) by loss of an electron.
Many products can increase the rate of oxidation of hemoglobin from 100 to 1000 times.
It is chlorates, quinones, nitrates and nitrites which convert the ferrous iron (Fe2 +) to ferric iron (Fe 3 +).
The "poppers" are nitrites (amyl, butyl, propyl) that cause inhalation and after 30 seconds malaise, tachycardia (rapid heart) associated with toxic methemoglobinemia.
Deaths have been reported.
These "poppers" are used by heterosexuals seeking an increase in the duration of orgasm and delayed ejaculation.
These "poppers" are sometimes used in certain nightclubs spray, unbeknownst to viewers under the pretext of deodorization.
SYMPTOMS
The grayish complexion and cyanotic (blue) is the most important symptom as it occurs without cardiac or respiratory context and is not corrected by the administration of oxygen (oxygen can bind to red blood cells).
The blood is not red but chocolate brown.
With regular use, it can be noted:
- Headache,
- Hemolysis,
- Facial dermatosis
- An increased intraocular pressure,
- Nausea and vomiting,
- Bronchitis.
- Sometimes burns by direct contact of the skin and mucous membranes, if liquie overturned.
ulcers of the cornea have been described
Note that SARCOMA syndrome is more common in HIV-positive gay men who use "poppers".
TREATMENT
Intravenous injection of methylene blue at a dose of 100 mg can, in severe crisis, recovery of consciousness of the patient and the coloring of the skin.
This is the treatment of choice for this poisoning
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Skin aging and oxidative stress

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Cell degeneration is progressive and inevitable.
This aging can be accentuated by the presence of FREE RADICALS (see this term) with respect to an unfavorable environment (ultraviolet rays, tobacco, dietary imbalance, pollution).
By avoiding these factors défavorisants it is possible to slow this trend.
Moreover, the administration of anti-free radical factors helps to slow aging.
It should include vitamins E, C, P, beta carotene, and soy isoflavonoids (which are also used for their estrogenic effects, and Selenium (see this term)
It is possible to prevent skin aging, it is much more difficult, if not impossible, to repair the damage once it has occurred.

This is why these additional treatments are highly recommended for people who want to slow down the effects of skin aging.

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Tobacco and teens

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The government effort must focus on young people to prevent them from paying in smoking, as it is true that it is difficult to quit an inveterate smoker.
It is essential to do everything possible to delay the first cigarette, because after 18 years the risk of starting smoking decreases.
You should know that children 12 to 13 years become addicted to tobacco with astonishing speed and with very small quantity of tobacco.
For girls this dependence is even faster than for boys (three weeks against six months).
The adolescent brain is still developing more vulnerable to addiction than adults, and the impact of nicotine is stronger and longer in very young children.
We must ban all advertising, even disguised, especially sports tobacco as the impact of it is very strong among young people.
It should rise steadily and sharply the price of tobacco, the price should be deterrent for young people.
Information campaigns should be positive and not negative.
(The actual medical risks of lung cancer or heart disease does not seriously motivate young).
However, it must be said that among young smokers, sexual problems can occur: in particular a major erectile dysfunction. Loss of morning erection may be total.
ON THE OTHER HAND
Evidence suggests that adolescents are more likely than boys to lung cancer.
Indeed, it was discovered that a gene called GRPR present in some cells of the lung and causing cancer cell proliferation is more active in women than in men because it is located on the X chromosome.
For girls with a simplified XX genetic formula, so two copies of the GRPR gene therefore have a higher risk of getting lung cancer if they smoke.
It seems likely that women who started smoking earlier, will earlier lung cancer regardless of smoking.
It must be said again and again that not smoking can achieve better sport performance, gives a better term, the skin is more beautiful and the hair.

These campaigns should be permanent reality.

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