Showing posts with label prostate cancer. Show all posts
Chemoprevention of prostate cancer just prescribed
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Despite the favorable position of the European Association of Urology, the prevention of prostate cancer by finasteride is not prescribed by doctors, according to a study published in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Drug prevention or chemoprevention has been studied for several cancers (breast, prostate, colorectal). In 2003, the PCPT (Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial) study showed that finasteride, a drug indicated for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy, could reduce by 25% the incidence of cancer of this organ in men low risk for this cancer aged 55 and over.
However, concern about the risk of high-grade tumors occurred in this study (6.4% in the arm taking finasteride against 5.1% for those who did not take). This uncertainty has since been lifted, the observed increase is due to better detection.
In 2009, the European Association of Urology (EAU) said at its congress in Stockholm that the evidence of a protective effect were "sufficient for physicians to discuss with their patients the use of this drug to prevent cancer prostate cancer, especially if the patient has risk factors. "
Robert Hamilton and his colleagues at the National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Durham (North Carolina) wanted to assess the knowledge and the actual practice of physicians. To do this, they analyzed the requirements of finasteride 464 primary care physicians and urologists 135 U.S. between 2000 and 2005, during which were published the results of the PCPT.
The number of patients receiving a first prescription finasteride increased throughout the study period. Indeed, 57% of urologists and 40% of GPs prescribed this medication more frequently in 2006 than they did five years ago.
The publication of the results of the PCPT trial did not cause a change in this trend, the researchers note.
By focusing on patterns of treatment, the authors found that a large majority of physicians (64% of urologists and 80% of GPs) never prescribed finasteride as a preventive treatment for prostate cancer.
The reasons differ depending on the type of doctors: Most urologists (55%) recall concerns over the increased risk of high-grade tumor, and have not built the lifting risk doubt, while half of the general (52%) simply did not know that finasteride could be used for chemoprevention.
The results of the PCPT were widely disseminated in the mainstream press, but most primary care physicians have said ignore the use of finasteride for chemoprevention. We have not been able to find an explanation for this lack of information, although it is probably multifactorial, comment the researchers.
Moreover, the lack of interest of patients could be another limiting factor for the use of this drug in a prevention indication, they argue ..
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prostate cancer
7th Day of the Prostate
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This year, the French Association of Urology (AFU) establish a day of information and awareness about prostate and its diseases. Urological Association has chosen to emphasize laprise support, custom, cancer of the prostate. Indeed, therapeutic lastratégie implement descaractéristiques must take account of the patient and the tumor can not be done in connection with the patient, surrounded by a team pl
The most common cancer in men
The prostate cancer is the most common cancer with more than 60 000 new cases per year and the second leading cause of male mortality after lung lecancer.
In France, the debate on the introduction of a screening program for prostate cancer persists.
The development of prostate cancer is slow and morbidity associated with treatment is heavy (erectile dysfunction, urinary incontinence) where the reserve to extend such screening. According to the National Health Authority, the analysis of the results of two recent studies has shown little convincing debénéfices terms related screening. These studies have mainly highlighted many disadvantages.
The AFU advocates, however, support an organized similar to those established for breast cancer or colon cancer screening.
The Urological Association recommends that physicians early detection diagnostics by two means: a PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) combined with a digital rectal exam in men over 50 years. According to the EBA, 1 in 8 men may be diagnosed with prostate cancer during his vie.uridisciplinaire.
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prostate cancer
What are the risks and side effects of biopsy?
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A biopsy is a surgical procedure, the information must be accurate and assessed against the side effects. However, these risks vary depending on the technique used and the target organ. But what are the risks to be famous?
The risks of biopsy:
The abnormal cells may become cancer cells after a biopsy
The "suspicious" cells can spread and spread to the tissues in the neighborhood after a biopsy
A tumor may worsen and increase in volume, and the cancer cells can spread to adjacent organs or to other distant organs
The surgery can be traumatic for neighborhood factors such as vessels (risk of bleeding) or nerves
Regions have received prior radiation (radiotherapy) have risks becoming necrotic after biopsy
A biopsy can cause infections infiltration of microbes, but aseptic technique are generally well attended and are mandatory
The biopsy is sometimes a specialized surgery and requires some skill of the practitioner. In case of large lesions and risk, it is better to entrust the act to a specialist. There are also parts of the body that require special precautions when performing a biopsy biopsy of the tongue, floor lingual biopsy or biopsy of the lips of the mouth.
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prostate cancer
How is a biopsy?
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The doctor prescribed a biopsy. Do not hesitate to ask questions and ask anything that bothers you about this surgery it. The preparation steps and running ... But also here are our answers to enlighten you a little more.
The preparation
A biopsy does not require special preparation. However, there are some steps to follow before performing such surgery:
General clinical examination (examination, medical and surgical history), physical examinations, investigations, ...
Psychological preparation: the nurse explains to the patient the purpose of the biopsy, the course, precautions, ....
Premedication: the anxious or agitated people require the injection of sedatives drugs, premedication is usually necessary when endoscopic biopsy
A short hospital stay may be necessary if the levy relates to an internal organ and more or less deep (eg liver biopsy). In this case, the patient should arrive earlier to undergo some blood tests before performing the biopsy. By cons, a skin biopsy may be made directly to the medical doctor's office.
Biopsy
Indications
Breast biopsy
Usually performed after a mammogram, in cases of suspected breast malignancy
Pleural biopsy
Made through the skin and essentially indicated for pleurisy
Lung biopsy
Also carried out through the skin when lung tumor
Liver biopsy
In hepatitis, cirrhosis, sarcoidosis or certain types of liver cancer
We talk biopsy transjugulaire1 when the sampling is performed from the jugular vein (in the neck)
Renal biopsy
In nephrotic syndrome or other diseases such as polyarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus
Prostate biopsy
In case of suspicion of an abnormal prostate tissue (malignant)
The biopsy is done through the wall of the rectum
Endoscopic exploration
Region can be explored and biopsied
Digestive
Gastroduodenal endoscopy
Stomach
Duodenum
Small intestine
Colonoscopy
Colon
Gynecological unit
Hysteroscopy
Uterus
Respiratory
Bronchoscopy
Bronchi
Lungs
Pleuroscopy
Pleura (the membrane that surrounds the lungs)
Urinary
Cystoscopy
Bladder
Abdominal organs
Laparoscopy
Laparoscopie2 (with general anesthesia)
Glands, ovaries, peritoneum ...
extemporaneous biopsy when the laboratory examination is performed during the same surgery (ENPER surgery) and the result is immediately communicated to the surgeon so that he can decide the result of the operation. This then avoids a second surgery. Indeed, the result may involve removal of an organ (total or partial).
excisional biopsy where the surgeon removes the lesion in its entirety (for therapeutic purposes) which will be examined in the laboratory (for diagnostic purposes). This technique is usually performed on a lésionbien delimited surface gravity and light.
incisional biopsy when the surgeon takes a small piece of the lesion for microscopic examination in the laboratory (for diagnostic purposes only).
Learn about the precautions to be taken after the biopsy (wound care, mode of travel and transport)
Do not hesitate to consult in case of fever, pain or bleeding
Be hard to control sessions and monitoring
Endoscopic biopsy
The introduction of the endoscope into the body often requires the establishment of an intravenous line in order to administer sedatives and analgesics. And often, this technique requires more anesthetic injection during removal product, endoscopic biopsy is virtually painless.
The steps of a biopsy
Disinfection
This first step is very important. It is the disinfection of the surgical area using sterile equipment: sterile gauze, disinfectant solution (Betadine most often). Disinfection begins after set up a sterile field (sterile device which allows to define the area of intervention). Indeed, asepsiedoit be rigorous.
Local or general anesthesia?
To ensure patient comfort and the smooth running of the biopsy, the use of anesthetic is required. The anesthesia can numb the skin deep and the entire region to be removed.
Depending on the location of the sampling and the technique used, locoregional anesthesia can be ougénérale.
Local anesthesia is often performed by infiltration distance of the lesion in order to avoid necrosis and worsening it. It is to be administered using a needle or by means of a cream or a patch.
The levy
During the course of sampling depends on the technique used and the tissue / organ to be sampled.
Various techniques exist to perform a biopsy.
Percutaneous biopsy or biopsy
This is a biopsy using a trocar. It is a material consisting of a surgical needle-syringe, equipped with a handle, and which enables both to perform suction and removal of a fragment of an organ.
The biopsy is usually guided by ultrasound (FNA) or a scanner to facilitate the identification of the area to be sampled. This technique is usually performed on an organ more or less deep. It sometimes requires a short hospital stay to monitor the patient after surgery.
There are several agencies that can benefit from a biopsy. This technique is generally indicated in cases of cancer. Here are some indications, according to organ to be examined:
Endoscopic biopsy is a technique that uses an endoscope introduced into the body either by natural means or through a small incision in the skin. Endoscopic equipment is made of a probe provided with an optical system, inside of which there is slid the biopsy.
The endoscopic technique allows both to visualize the intervention area and take a sample. It is practiced to organs eligible for endoscopy, and essentially when sampling at the inner walls of hollow organs.
The biopsy
Surgical biopsy is performed during surgery. This technique is necessarily carried out in case of biopsy of an organ or tissue in depth, not accessible by the other two methods raised:
A surgical biopsy is also therapeutic.
During the biopsy, then we talk about:
After collection
Once the sample is collected, it is wiped with gauze soaked with saline. It is then placed in a sterile container and immersed in a liquid fixative (Bouin). Often, the levy is directly sent to the laboratory for analysis, otherwise it is subjected to freezing in liquid nitrogen (for conservation).
Sending the sample to the laboratory is necessarily followed by an information sheet about the patient (name, age, clinical information ...). In some cases, it is important to include some imaging tests (X-ray or scan) to assist the pathologist in the interpretation of results. The sample is sent to a single laboratory.
The preparation
A biopsy does not require special preparation. However, there are some steps to follow before performing such surgery:
General clinical examination (examination, medical and surgical history), physical examinations, investigations, ...
Psychological preparation: the nurse explains to the patient the purpose of the biopsy, the course, precautions, ....
Premedication: the anxious or agitated people require the injection of sedatives drugs, premedication is usually necessary when endoscopic biopsy
A short hospital stay may be necessary if the levy relates to an internal organ and more or less deep (eg liver biopsy). In this case, the patient should arrive earlier to undergo some blood tests before performing the biopsy. By cons, a skin biopsy may be made directly to the medical doctor's office.
Biopsy
Indications
Breast biopsy
Usually performed after a mammogram, in cases of suspected breast malignancy
Pleural biopsy
Made through the skin and essentially indicated for pleurisy
Lung biopsy
Also carried out through the skin when lung tumor
Liver biopsy
In hepatitis, cirrhosis, sarcoidosis or certain types of liver cancer
We talk biopsy transjugulaire1 when the sampling is performed from the jugular vein (in the neck)
Renal biopsy
In nephrotic syndrome or other diseases such as polyarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus
Prostate biopsy
In case of suspicion of an abnormal prostate tissue (malignant)
The biopsy is done through the wall of the rectum
Endoscopic exploration
Region can be explored and biopsied
Digestive
Gastroduodenal endoscopy
Stomach
Duodenum
Small intestine
Colonoscopy
Colon
Gynecological unit
Hysteroscopy
Uterus
Respiratory
Bronchoscopy
Bronchi
Lungs
Pleuroscopy
Pleura (the membrane that surrounds the lungs)
Urinary
Cystoscopy
Bladder
Abdominal organs
Laparoscopy
Laparoscopie2 (with general anesthesia)
Glands, ovaries, peritoneum ...
extemporaneous biopsy when the laboratory examination is performed during the same surgery (ENPER surgery) and the result is immediately communicated to the surgeon so that he can decide the result of the operation. This then avoids a second surgery. Indeed, the result may involve removal of an organ (total or partial).
excisional biopsy where the surgeon removes the lesion in its entirety (for therapeutic purposes) which will be examined in the laboratory (for diagnostic purposes). This technique is usually performed on a lésionbien delimited surface gravity and light.
incisional biopsy when the surgeon takes a small piece of the lesion for microscopic examination in the laboratory (for diagnostic purposes only).
Learn about the precautions to be taken after the biopsy (wound care, mode of travel and transport)
Do not hesitate to consult in case of fever, pain or bleeding
Be hard to control sessions and monitoring
Endoscopic biopsy
The introduction of the endoscope into the body often requires the establishment of an intravenous line in order to administer sedatives and analgesics. And often, this technique requires more anesthetic injection during removal product, endoscopic biopsy is virtually painless.
The steps of a biopsy
Disinfection
This first step is very important. It is the disinfection of the surgical area using sterile equipment: sterile gauze, disinfectant solution (Betadine most often). Disinfection begins after set up a sterile field (sterile device which allows to define the area of intervention). Indeed, asepsiedoit be rigorous.
Local or general anesthesia?
To ensure patient comfort and the smooth running of the biopsy, the use of anesthetic is required. The anesthesia can numb the skin deep and the entire region to be removed.
Depending on the location of the sampling and the technique used, locoregional anesthesia can be ougénérale.
Local anesthesia is often performed by infiltration distance of the lesion in order to avoid necrosis and worsening it. It is to be administered using a needle or by means of a cream or a patch.
The levy
During the course of sampling depends on the technique used and the tissue / organ to be sampled.
Various techniques exist to perform a biopsy.
Percutaneous biopsy or biopsy
This is a biopsy using a trocar. It is a material consisting of a surgical needle-syringe, equipped with a handle, and which enables both to perform suction and removal of a fragment of an organ.
The biopsy is usually guided by ultrasound (FNA) or a scanner to facilitate the identification of the area to be sampled. This technique is usually performed on an organ more or less deep. It sometimes requires a short hospital stay to monitor the patient after surgery.
There are several agencies that can benefit from a biopsy. This technique is generally indicated in cases of cancer. Here are some indications, according to organ to be examined:
Endoscopic biopsy is a technique that uses an endoscope introduced into the body either by natural means or through a small incision in the skin. Endoscopic equipment is made of a probe provided with an optical system, inside of which there is slid the biopsy.
The endoscopic technique allows both to visualize the intervention area and take a sample. It is practiced to organs eligible for endoscopy, and essentially when sampling at the inner walls of hollow organs.
The biopsy
Surgical biopsy is performed during surgery. This technique is necessarily carried out in case of biopsy of an organ or tissue in depth, not accessible by the other two methods raised:
A surgical biopsy is also therapeutic.
During the biopsy, then we talk about:
After collection
Once the sample is collected, it is wiped with gauze soaked with saline. It is then placed in a sterile container and immersed in a liquid fixative (Bouin). Often, the levy is directly sent to the laboratory for analysis, otherwise it is subjected to freezing in liquid nitrogen (for conservation).
Sending the sample to the laboratory is necessarily followed by an information sheet about the patient (name, age, clinical information ...). In some cases, it is important to include some imaging tests (X-ray or scan) to assist the pathologist in the interpretation of results. The sample is sent to a single laboratory.
Read More »
Labels:
prostate cancer
What is a biopsy?
,
The biopsy is sometimes a simple sample in a medical office, but can also, in some cases, hospitalization cessiter born, everything depends on the target organ and technology. But what is it exactly? Biopsy is a surgical procedure that involves taking a sample of a small piece of an organ or tissue in order to achieve a thorough microscopic examination in the laboratory.
The biopsy is performed by a doctor. Depending on the type and location of the organ to be examined, a biopsy is performed:
in a medical office (in case of skin biopsy)
but may require hospitalization (in case of liver biopsy)
or even be made during a surgical procedure (if sample taken from a tumor).
The biopsy can be done on all the organs of the body. There are brain biopsy (brain), biopsy of the eyelids, skin biopsy (skin), bone biopsy, nerve biopsy, muscle biopsy, bone marrow biopsy, liver biopsy (liver), kidney biopsy, prostate biopsy, biopsy of the stomach biopsy stock ....
The biopsy is performed in specific situations, and essentially made to clarify the diagnosis of disease.
An important diagnostic value
The purpose of the biopsy is to study the characteristics and the biological nature of the sample cells removed, it is necessary for the development and / or confirmation of the diagnosis by the doctor. In most cases, the analysis of a body sample is a microscopic examination, which shows the general structure of tissuprélevé. Microscopic examination helps detect abnormal cells or tissue abnormalities. The biopsy is mainly prescribed in case of suspicious lesion.
Generally, biopsy is performed after other standard examinations, and thus complete the data detected by simple clinical and radiological examinations.
The sample withdrawn may also have other tests such as: Description: What is a biopsi
A biochemical test that specifies the quantity and quality of certain substances and cellular components. In fact, the biopsy can provide information about the enzymes in a tissue, which in certain diseases, are markers.
Immunological examination that normally considers defense molecules in the body and for the presence of antigens in the fragment removed.
A genetic test that can detect a genetic disease from the study of certain genes.
Bacteriological examination that provides information on infectious diseases infectious degermed research.
The evolution of a disease
The biopsy can assess the severity of disease, mainly in case of tumor: extension, stage and classification, ...
In some cases, a biopsy is performed repeatedly and successively to monitor disease progression and treatment efficacy undertaken.
The presence of a biopsy examination also allows for adequate treatment to the severity and extent of a tumor.
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Labels:
prostate cancer
The oncologist or oncologist?
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If most of the time, we are led to "condemn" a cancer at the end of life, oncologists are not quite agree. For them, all is not lost, and the cancer is like any disease, diagnosis, appropriate treatment ...
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Labels:
prostate cancer
The surgeon urologist ?
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The surgeon urologist is a physician who specializes in surgery of the urinary system. Men are more likely to come see him because of the high incidence of prostate disease. But in what other diseases that also involved?
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prostate cancer
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