Showing posts with label allergies and asthma. Show all posts
Women with more children are less prone to allergies than nulliparous women and mothers of singletons
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More children a woman has, the less
it seems likely to suffer from allergic rhinitis or allergic conjunctivitis in
his life, suggest the results of an Italian study published in the specialized
"Allergy" journal.
The fact that children from large
families are less prone to childhood allergies gave birth there fifteen years,
in what experts call the hygiene hypothesis, recall Dr. Francesco Forastiere and
colleagues.
According to this theory, fewer
children are exposed to infectious agents (which is the case in a smaller
siblings), plus the maturation of the immune system is directed towards the
development of allergic-type responses, including the asthma or allergic rhinitis
(or hay fever) belong.
Furthermore, there is evidence that
maternal atopy (predisposition to develop allergic reactions) is a risk factor
of allergic diseases in children.
To analyze the relationship between
the number of pregnancies, number of births and the occurrence of respiratory
problems (wheezing, asthma) and allergic (rhinitis or allergic conjunctivitis),
Italian researchers interviewed 1,755 non-smokers aged 35 to 74 years living in
four different regions.
The analysis of the testimony of
participants and their medical records they found that the number of births was
inversely associated with the proportion of women who have suffered at any time
in their lives, rhinitis or allergic conjunctivitis.
While 30% of women do not have more
than one child reported having suffered from allergic rhinitis, only 16% of
mothers with more than four children were in the same situation. Similarly, the
proportion of women who have been confronted with allergic conjunctivitis from
36% among women with no or one child and 17% of mothers with more than four
children.
However, the authors were able to
show any link between episodes of wheezing or asthma and the number of
pregnancies or births.
According to Italian researchers,
different hypotheses could be advanced to explain these observations. If these
results are interpreted as indicating that atopy maternal influence the course
of pregnancy, it can for example think that maternal atopy is associated with a
"relative infertility, voluntary or not," they note.
On the contrary, if we consider that
these results reflect that pregnancy itself has an impact on maternal atopy,
another possible hypothesis is that the hygiene hypothesis applies to mothers
as it applies to their children advance they.
Anyway, the link between the number
of children and maternal allergies should be further studies and the factors
that protect not only children but also their mothers, remain to be identified,
the authors conclude
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Allergy Prevention: What precautions should I take?
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Despite the often-contradictory and still-inadequate results of studies examining the effectiveness of different strategies to prevent the onset of allergies to certain precautions can prevent the development of such disorders in children at risk, said Thursday Dr. Fabienne Rance, a pediatrician and pulmonologist practicing in Toulouse University Hospital.
There are three forms of prevention, she said. Primary prevention aims to prevent the development of sensitization to allergens in newborns healthy at least one parent, brother or sister, has atopy, that is to say, a predisposition to develop reactions allergic.
Secondary prevention concerns about her children already sensitized to an allergen, and is home to prevent the occurrence of allergic reactions, with an elimination diet, desensitization and / or pharmacological treatment.
Finally, tertiary prevention aims to reduce the "allergic march" in a child with an allergy proven to prevent relapses and complications.
Experts indicate by this expression is that with age, the manifestations of allergy change and often evolve into more serious forms. Thus, the infant is more prone to food allergies, which is most often manifested by gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea ...) or skin (eczema, hives ...). Asthma is more common then from about five years, while at the age of ten, allergic rhinitis or "hay fever" are the predominant forms.
PRIMARY PREVENTION FOR CHILDREN HIGH RISK
To prevent children from an atopic family in turn develop an awareness of certain products, the first step recommended by experts is prolonged exclusive breastfeeding (for four to six months).
Although the available data do not yet allow to completely eliminate the risk of sensitization of the infant by the passage of certain food antigens in breast milk, the mother should not ban certain products to all of its power, otherwise to appear nutritional damage to the health of her child shortcomings, emphasized Dr. Fabienne Rance.
The only food for which an elimination diet is recommended, both during pregnancy and lactation are peanuts and tree nuts, as these allergies are associated with relatively severe manifestations. While the effectiveness of this measure is not yet proven, the act of depriving a peanut is not likely to cause a deficiency, she said.
Food diversification should not be initiated within six months and the introduction in the diet of eggs, fish, shellfish and seafood should not take place before the child reaches the age of a year, while the peanut, sesame and nuts should not be given before the age of four or five years.
In addition, fruits, vegetables and meats must always be given cooked the first time, said Dr Fabienne Rance.
Prevention also requires compliance with general measures outlaw passive smoking, limit exposure to airborne allergens (house ventilate and reduce moisture limit haunts mites, do not take cat if there has not in the house), and meet the immunization schedule of the child in particular.
Allergy prevention is complex and difficult, due to the influence of the environment, but you should know that 90% of atopic live perfectly, concluded Toulouse specialist.
There are three forms of prevention, she said. Primary prevention aims to prevent the development of sensitization to allergens in newborns healthy at least one parent, brother or sister, has atopy, that is to say, a predisposition to develop reactions allergic.
Secondary prevention concerns about her children already sensitized to an allergen, and is home to prevent the occurrence of allergic reactions, with an elimination diet, desensitization and / or pharmacological treatment.
Finally, tertiary prevention aims to reduce the "allergic march" in a child with an allergy proven to prevent relapses and complications.
Experts indicate by this expression is that with age, the manifestations of allergy change and often evolve into more serious forms. Thus, the infant is more prone to food allergies, which is most often manifested by gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea ...) or skin (eczema, hives ...). Asthma is more common then from about five years, while at the age of ten, allergic rhinitis or "hay fever" are the predominant forms.
PRIMARY PREVENTION FOR CHILDREN HIGH RISK
To prevent children from an atopic family in turn develop an awareness of certain products, the first step recommended by experts is prolonged exclusive breastfeeding (for four to six months).
Although the available data do not yet allow to completely eliminate the risk of sensitization of the infant by the passage of certain food antigens in breast milk, the mother should not ban certain products to all of its power, otherwise to appear nutritional damage to the health of her child shortcomings, emphasized Dr. Fabienne Rance.
The only food for which an elimination diet is recommended, both during pregnancy and lactation are peanuts and tree nuts, as these allergies are associated with relatively severe manifestations. While the effectiveness of this measure is not yet proven, the act of depriving a peanut is not likely to cause a deficiency, she said.
Food diversification should not be initiated within six months and the introduction in the diet of eggs, fish, shellfish and seafood should not take place before the child reaches the age of a year, while the peanut, sesame and nuts should not be given before the age of four or five years.
In addition, fruits, vegetables and meats must always be given cooked the first time, said Dr Fabienne Rance.
Prevention also requires compliance with general measures outlaw passive smoking, limit exposure to airborne allergens (house ventilate and reduce moisture limit haunts mites, do not take cat if there has not in the house), and meet the immunization schedule of the child in particular.
Allergy prevention is complex and difficult, due to the influence of the environment, but you should know that 90% of atopic live perfectly, concluded Toulouse specialist.
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Food allergies in connection with allergic respiratory diseases
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Food allergies seem to be of
particular importance in the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis,
suggesting a French study published in the "Allergy" review and
confirm the theory of the "allergic march".
According to the authors, this study
is the first to assess the prevalence of sensitization to major food allergens
and symptoms of food allergy with a large sample of French schoolchildren.
Although food allergies are a
significant health problem, epidemiological studies in the general population
are few, report Dr. Celine Pénard Morand, the Inserm Unit 472 (Epidemiology of
respiratory diseases), and colleagues. Indeed, testimonies on the declarative
mode, a diagnosis of food allergy are difficult to confirm a large scale,
because the necessary tests show heavy to implement consistently.
To highlight objectively
sensitization to food allergen must make skin tests and specific IgE, while the
involvement of a food in a food allergy can be proved by means of a test
controlled food challenge and performed double-blind.
This team of French researchers
sought to determine the proportion of children in school with this type of
allergic diseases, which can lead to skin disorders, gastrointestinal or
respiratory. Another objective of their study: clarify the relationship of food
allergies with respiratory symptoms of allergy (asthma, allergic rhinitis,
bronchial hyperresponsiveness to exercise) to determine the extent to which
these symptoms can be the result of sensitization to inhalant allergens.
In this context, nearly 6,700
children aged 9 to 11 years were recruited from a hundred chosen so random in
six French cities schools. Young participants underwent a complete physical
examination, with a possible search for one of the three major food allergens
characteristics of this age group (egg, fish, peanuts) with skin testing and
evaluation awareness by via a standardized protocol-induced airway
hyperresponsiveness by exercise. Standardized questionnaires were also
submitted to the parents of the young participants to assess the presence of
asthma, allergic rhinitis and clinical symptoms of food allergies.
Based on these data, it was found
that 2.1% of the participating children had already presented the
characteristic symptoms of a food allergy after eating a particular food. The
proportion of participants in a food allergen sensitized (that is to say having
at least a positive skin test) was meanwhile elevated to 1.9%. The combination
of these two groups has enabled the authors to note that 0.1% of children they
have taken to meet these criteria and therefore could be considered as
suffering from respiratory allergy confirmed by a skin test.
Analysis of the various results of
this survey showed that asthma and allergic rhinitis showed significantly more
frequent in children with a food allergy or sensitization. The association
between food allergic reactions and allergic respiratory diseases remained
after adjustment to take into account the influence of age, sex, passive
smoking, or a family history of allergic diseases, the authors report.
However, the link between asthma and
allergic rhinitis and food allergy awareness or can not be fully explained by
the existence of respiratory manifestations of food allergy or sensitization to
inhalant allergens, the authors note.
The results of this study, which
highlight the importance of food allergy in the development of asthma and
allergic rhinitis, suggest that during childhood, food awareness could promote
awareness of inhalant allergens, which in even represent a major risk factor
for asthma and allergic rhinitis.
This work thus confirms the
hypothesis of "allergic march", an expression that experts use to
describe the fact that with age, the manifestations of allergy change and often
evolve into more serious forms.
Thus, the infant is more prone to food
allergies, which is most often manifested by gastrointestinal symptoms
(vomiting, diarrhea ...) or skin (eczema, hives ...). Asthma is more common
then from about five years, while at the age of ten, allergic rhinitis or
"hay fever" are the predominant forms.
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Allergies in children: primary prevention through the determination of at-risk populations
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In the case of primary prevention of
childhood allergies, before adopting measures at the environmental level, it is
important to identify populations at risk, warned Dr. Jocelyne Just (Armand
Trousseau Hospital, Paris).
"The increase in the prevalence
of asthma and allergies is related to a complex phenomenon involving amplifiers
and the disappearance of protective factors, for which, however, must not lead
to the against-messages," the Dr. Just.
According to her, it is important to
determine the populations of children at risk by tracing the history of the
disease in one or both parents, allergic (food allergy, eczema, rhinitis or
asthma) and establishing a concept of atopy family.
"Primary prevention is then
passed through the absolute rejection of passive smoking. Should, however,
continue to vaccinate children (no vaccination does not protect against
allergy, contrary to popular belief)," observes the specialist.
The decrease in allergen load is not
obvious, she says, whether the sometimes controversial eviction of mites, as
the attitude to adopt vis-à-vis the dogs and cats, while it will be resolved in
secondary prevention. "For dust mites, a study has shown, in fact, that we
were more exposed to it during the first 6 months of life, the less danger of
developing allergies," she says.
About exposure to cats and dogs,
primary prevention is more difficult to implement. "High exposure
(presence of several pets in the same household) or, conversely, low, cause a
potentially protective effect, while an average exposure promote the
development of allergies, knowing that everything depends on the number animals
present in a house and vent it, as well as genetic polymorphism. In this case,
it is impossible to decide at least to establish a genetic map of each child
", noted the Dr. Just.
In terms of childcare in the
community, she says, "an early entry into kindergarten before the age of
one year to protect allergen sensitization but not hay fever, or asthma,
knowing, moreover, that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes epidemics of
bronchiolitis, reveals itself no protector among predisposed patients. "
Finally, the contribution of
probiotics in the diet could have, again, a protective effect against allergic
sensitization, primary prevention, as well as the ouster of certain foods
(eggs, peanuts), in the case of family atopy .
It is often a combination of
different measures provides meaningful results. Such is the case of the
reduction of the burden of mites combined with dietary intervention that has,
in a population of children aged 18 months to reduce the hiss (but not asthma,
however), illustrates the allergist based on the results of a study. Another
showed a reduction of allergen sensitization, wheezing and asthma in older
children (8 years) through a combination of several measures such as
breastfeeding and the use of acaricides and dust mite covers.
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GM: no risk of allergies!
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Genetically modified organisms
(GMOs) do not exhibit allergenic risk, indicate the results of a Portuguese
study published in the journal "Journal of Allergy and Clinical
Immunology" (JACI).
The debate around the production and
marketing of GMOs (this manipulation to improve the nutritional quality of
plants or increase productivity) has mainly focused on the potential health
risks posed by the consumption of GMOs or products derived . In addition to the
potential risk of developing antibiotic resistance or toxicity of GMOs, the
possibility that these products promote the development of allergies was also
highlighted.
Indeed, without being genetically
modified, of animal or vegetable origin are already an important source of
allergens. Genetic engineering could therefore lead to transfer to another body
of a gene encoding a protein with allergenic properties.
Rita Batista, the Instituto Nacional
de Saude Dr. Ricardo Jorge in Lisbon, and colleagues sought to clear the risk
associated with the consumption of GMOs, assessing the impact of three maize
varieties (developed to resist certain insects ravaging crops) and a variety of
soybean (designed to resist Roundup, a widely used herbicide), the seeds were
placed on the market in the 90s. Some of the products tested are in the range
of U.S. giant Monsanto, the others being marketed by the Swiss company Syngenta
and the German Bayer. No GMO evaluated in this study contain genes from a
proven source of allergens, Portuguese researchers note.
Their study focused on a group of
adults and children prone to allergies have already consumed products containing
GMOs at one time or another since these products were authorized in Europe.
The 77
participants underwent
nasopharyngitis
by intradermal to see if they react
differently to GM products, as well as conventional corn and soybeans. The
tests used to diagnose allergies involve injecting a small amount of allergen
under the skin of the patient. The allergy assessment was completed by specific
IgE.
These tests were positive in
patients with a history of sensitivity to corn and soybeans, local inflammatory
reactions observed in these tests are showing comparable with all the products
tested, whether genetically modified or unmodified. Moreover, none of the
participants had developed detectable antibodies against the proteins
introduced into transgenic plants concentrations.
"Transgenic products tested
appear to show safe in terms of allergenic potential," write the authors,
however, require systematic testing after completion of the marketing of these
products to detect the occurrence of any awareness encoded by the introduced
genes proteins in transgenic plants.
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Asthma and allergy: the influence of overweight on the risk differs by sex in children
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Being overweight affects the risk of
asthma and allergy differently by gender in children, suggests a French study
This observation was made in the
context of the study said the six cities, coordinated by Isabella
Annesi-Maesano, INSERM U472 unit Villejuif (Val-de-Marne).
Several data have suggested a link
between overweight and asthma, but most come from cross-sectional studies
(which simply allow to find a relationship, not a relationship of cause and
effect) explained Marie Dalitchamps, the U472, and colleagues.
They studied the association in 7781
children aged 9 to 11 years who were randomly recruited in 108 schools in six
French cities (Bordeaux, Clermont-Ferrand, Créteil, Marseille, Reims,
Strasbourg) between 1999 and 2001, pass evaluation of asthma and allergic
diseases tests.
The researchers traced the weight
gain of children during their growth using the body mass index (BMI, weight
ratio of the square of height) to 10 years and weight index (PI, weight divided
by the size of the cube) at birth (obtained according to the information
contained in the health record). Depending on the value of these parameters,
the children were classified into four groups.
In reviewing these data to take into
account the possible influence of other parameters, the authors found that
being overweight at birth is associated with the risk of allergic asthma
significantly for girls only: it is multiplied by 2.6 in girls who have always
been overweight (IP at birth and BMI at 10 years in the group of the most
important values).
The overweight girls at birth are
also at risk of allergic asthma doubled, even if they have lost weight to 10
years (IP at birth in the group of the most important values and BMI at 10
years in the group values lowest).
In contrast, the risk of allergic
asthma in boys seems associated with a low PI at birth, it is accompanied or
not an excessive weight gain during growth. The risk is doubled when BMI is 10
years in the group of the weak and almost tripled (OR = 2.8) for a BMI of 10
years in the group of the most important values.
In another analysis of data from the
study of six cities, Chantal Raherison, University Hospital of Bordeaux, and
colleagues evaluated the association between overweight and allergic diseases
such as rhinitis or atopic dermatitis.
According to the results, only one
rhino was significantly associated with overweight in girls, but not boys.
These results support the hypothesis
that sex modulates the link between overweight and asthma and allergic
diseases, probably involving hormonal factors, the researchers conclude.
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Parents: you need to know to facilitate the early diagnosis of allergies child
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While allergic phenomena and associated diseases have exploded over the last thirty years, today is the first asthma chronic childhood disease and 20 to 25% of the French population suffers from allergic phenomena at scales of variable severity, says Prof. Peter Scheinmann, head of pneumo-allergy pédiatrEtant given as eczema and food allergies in infants seem predict the onset of asthma in young children, European specialists allergy agreed last year to advocate early detection of allergies of the child, to enable early treatment and improve the prognosis of patients.
Informing doctors and patients to adopt habits to help diagnose allergies in children aged one to three years, experts hope that the transition from rhinitis to asthma, or the development of a polysensitization child initially sensitive to a single allergen is often avoided, said Dr. Pierre Scheinmann.
"Any child with allergy symptoms" severe, persistent or recurrent should undergo allergy testing. The difficulty for the physician lies in the fact that allergies manifest themselves in very different signs.
In infants, symptoms are kind of digestive (vomiting, diarrhea, colic), skin (eczema, hives, itching) respiratory (persistent wheezing), while among school-age children, allergic reactions are rather in the form of asthma or hay fever.
This evolution of the infant more susceptible to food allergens in young children more susceptible to environmental allergens, is called "allergic career" by specialists, said Dr. Fabienne Rance.
If such disorders affect your child so persistent and severe, do not hesitate to state his or her physician. It will prescribe whatever the age of your child, allergy testing that will identify the allergen to which it is sensitive. Support will then aim to try to minimize the exposure of the child to the substance and to initiate a specific treatment to relieve allergy symptoms.
In addition to these tips, Dr. Pierre Scheinmann wished to recall that in view of the role of genetic predisposition in allergic reactions, parents should not hesitate to tell the doctor treating the child familiaux.ique the history of the hospital Necker-Enfants Malades in Paris.
Informing doctors and patients to adopt habits to help diagnose allergies in children aged one to three years, experts hope that the transition from rhinitis to asthma, or the development of a polysensitization child initially sensitive to a single allergen is often avoided, said Dr. Pierre Scheinmann.
"Any child with allergy symptoms" severe, persistent or recurrent should undergo allergy testing. The difficulty for the physician lies in the fact that allergies manifest themselves in very different signs.
In infants, symptoms are kind of digestive (vomiting, diarrhea, colic), skin (eczema, hives, itching) respiratory (persistent wheezing), while among school-age children, allergic reactions are rather in the form of asthma or hay fever.
This evolution of the infant more susceptible to food allergens in young children more susceptible to environmental allergens, is called "allergic career" by specialists, said Dr. Fabienne Rance.
If such disorders affect your child so persistent and severe, do not hesitate to state his or her physician. It will prescribe whatever the age of your child, allergy testing that will identify the allergen to which it is sensitive. Support will then aim to try to minimize the exposure of the child to the substance and to initiate a specific treatment to relieve allergy symptoms.
In addition to these tips, Dr. Pierre Scheinmann wished to recall that in view of the role of genetic predisposition in allergic reactions, parents should not hesitate to tell the doctor treating the child familiaux.ique the history of the hospital Necker-Enfants Malades in Paris.
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Allergy to insect stings: specific immunotherapy protects long-term
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A significant proportion of children
keep their Hymenoptera venom allergy growing and immunotherapy reduces the risk
of new generalized even 10 to 20 years after the end of treatment response,
shows a study published Thursday in the " New England Journal of Medicine
"(NEJM).
Children are supposed to lose their
growing Hymenoptera venom allergy (bees, wasps, hornets, ants), but there is
relatively little data. Specific immunotherapy with Hymenoptera venoms and
other insects that has proven its effectiveness, is for children who have had a
severe generalized reaction to an insect bite.
Dr. David Golden and his colleagues
at Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore (Maryland) wanted to
check first if the loss of growing allergy is common among children and
secondly to study the effectiveness long-term specific immunotherapy in
children.
For this, they have made monitoring
a study they published in 1990 in the NEJM on the value of specific
immunotherapy in children with an allergic reaction to an insect bite between
1978 and 1985.
On 512 patients who responded to the
follow-up survey (between 1997 and 2000), with a decline of 18 years on average
compared to the first reaction, 163 had been treated with immunotherapy for 3.5
years. More than 40% of respondents were transplanted between 1987 and 1999.
The results show that while the
majority of children lose their sensitivity to insect bites, an allergic
reaction still occurs in nearly one in five children in a sting, which could
occur for some up to 32 years after the first reaction.
The frequency of allergic reactions
in untreated children decreased slowly over time, but more than 20 years after
the first reaction she was still 13%. "Therefore, for many children, this
allergy does not disappear growing," the authors write.
Furthermore, this study shows that
even long after the cessation of desensitization, processing continues to take
effect. Generalized reactions were very significantly less frequent in children
treated (3%) than in untreated children (17%).
Reducing the risk of systemic
reaction obtained with desensitization was even greater for children whose
first reaction was moderate to severe (respiratory disorders, hypotension), the
frequency of severe reactions was 32% in untreated children against 5% in those
who were treated.
For those who had been treated for
mild generalized reactions (skin only events), none of the 21 who were
transplanted has been widespread reaction.
The authors recommend specific
immunotherapy with Hymenoptera venoms for children with moderate to severe
reactions, but not for those who have mild reactions. Moreover, the treatment
may be prolonged in children with very severe reactions, they say.
In an accompanying editorial,
Rebecca Gruchalla of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in
Dallas agrees with these recommendations and hopes that these new data will
help doctors to convince parents of the value of treatment in children most at
risk.
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Allergy: the protective role of farm life seems to start from fetal life
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Children whose mothers were in
contact with farm animals during pregnancy could be protected against allergic
diseases, preliminary results suggest the PASTURE study.
The PASTURE project (Protection
against Allergy - Study in Rural Environments) is a European study set up to
confirm previous data from cross-sectional epidemiological studies suggesting a
protective role of a rural environment, especially farms, against allergies and
asthma, told Reuters Health Prof. Dominique Angèle Vuitton at the University of
Franche-Comté in Besançon, co-coordinator for France with Professor Jean-Charles
Dalphin CHU Besançon.
PASTURE is a prospective
longitudinal study of 1,000 children who all live in rural areas but with a
party at the farm (parents farmers in most cases) and the other in villages or
towns. In France, the study was conducted in Franche-Comté, with the help of
MSA (MSA), said Prof Vuitton.
The study began with women in the
third trimester of pregnancy, included between 2002 and 2004. According to the
protocol published in Allergy, parents completed questionnaires about their
medical history, lifestyle, nutrition and child, breastfeeding, etc ... Blood
tests were conducted with parents and children at birth and at each
anniversary. Samples were, moreover, made in the environment to assess potential
dust and allergens ...
The study is ongoing, with a mean
follow-up of three years so far, with national funds, with the aim of having at
least one and up to five years if possible until adolescence for allergic
diseases can regress spontaneously or emerge by then, explains the specialist.
Researchers have the first results
for cord blood: they tend to confirm the protective effect of farm life and
especially that influence begins via the mother during pregnancy. This
"immunological modulation arising from pregnancy" could be mainly due
to the contact of large farm animals such as cows, horses and pigs, as well as
the consumption of raw milk.
Immunological analyzes showed that
levels of cytokines IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-10 secreted in the cord blood
are higher for children whose mother lives in the farm for those families
living there, suggesting that first developed an immune response that would
"most likely" to be protected against allergies, says Dr. Vuitton.
These results should be confirmed by
further analysis, including exposure times, and the data collected at one, two
and three year follow-up. Analyzes of specific IgE are also provided and may
provide interesting elements on allergies to milk protein of cow in particular,
as well as the pollen present in the farms.
Analysis of "newspapers
Health" weekly reports made by the parents of respiratory and skin
symptoms during the first year of the child, as well as diagnostics prick tests
to one year in France in particular, will show whether a farm life protects
against allergic diseases. Preliminary data tend to confirm previous data
suggesting a risk divided by two compared to city life, says Professor Vuitton.
The results of the cytokines
measured in cord blood should be the first of PASTURE project to be published
before a variety of other data
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Limit children's exposure to domestic allergens is not enough to reduce the risk of asthma or allergy
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The only reduce exposure of infants to domestic allergens is not enough to reduce the incidence of respiratory allergic diseases and asthma in children five years shows published in the journal "Thorax" British study .
For twenty years, the exposure of young children to allergens at home is suspected to play a major role in the occurrence of respiratory allergies, wheezing and asthma, suggesting that reduced levels of allergens household could reduce the incidence of these diseases, recall Dr. Paul Cullinan and colleagues from the National Heart and Lung Institute in London.
In their study, the researchers followed 625 children from birth to the age of 5.5 years.
At baseline, parents were tested at different skin allergens and were questioned about their possible respiratory symptoms. Then, when the children reached the age of two months, different levels of household allergens were measured in dust collected at home. Finally, during the last year of follow-up, parents were asked about any respiratory symptoms occurred in their children, who then underwent a skin allergy test.
The results of these analyzes revealed that 10% of participants were young, at the age of 5.5 years, sensitized to cat allergens or mites in dust. This means that their tests showed that they react to these allergens, but not necessarily imply that they develop clinical manifestations (asthma, eczema ...) in their presence. In addition, 7% of children with atopic wheezing.
The overall analysis did not show a link between exposure to allergens and allergic sensitization or wheezing.
However, a closer examination of the data showed an association between the risk and the level of exposure to allergens: the risk of allergy and wheezing increases for low allergen levels and decreases for higher rates, with boost when the father is allergic or when the child is the first of the siblings.
These results suggest that the link between exposure to indoor allergens and the risk of atopy, wheezing or asthma is complex, involving interactions between genes and the environment more important than you think the authors conclude.
Household allergens may play a role in the development of asthma and respiratory allergies but at a level likely to be extremely low, they say.
This study also suggests that a strategy only to reduce the levels of exposure to indoor allergens will have no major impact on the incidence of respiratory allergies and asthma, they add.
For twenty years, the exposure of young children to allergens at home is suspected to play a major role in the occurrence of respiratory allergies, wheezing and asthma, suggesting that reduced levels of allergens household could reduce the incidence of these diseases, recall Dr. Paul Cullinan and colleagues from the National Heart and Lung Institute in London.
In their study, the researchers followed 625 children from birth to the age of 5.5 years.
At baseline, parents were tested at different skin allergens and were questioned about their possible respiratory symptoms. Then, when the children reached the age of two months, different levels of household allergens were measured in dust collected at home. Finally, during the last year of follow-up, parents were asked about any respiratory symptoms occurred in their children, who then underwent a skin allergy test.
The results of these analyzes revealed that 10% of participants were young, at the age of 5.5 years, sensitized to cat allergens or mites in dust. This means that their tests showed that they react to these allergens, but not necessarily imply that they develop clinical manifestations (asthma, eczema ...) in their presence. In addition, 7% of children with atopic wheezing.
The overall analysis did not show a link between exposure to allergens and allergic sensitization or wheezing.
However, a closer examination of the data showed an association between the risk and the level of exposure to allergens: the risk of allergy and wheezing increases for low allergen levels and decreases for higher rates, with boost when the father is allergic or when the child is the first of the siblings.
These results suggest that the link between exposure to indoor allergens and the risk of atopy, wheezing or asthma is complex, involving interactions between genes and the environment more important than you think the authors conclude.
Household allergens may play a role in the development of asthma and respiratory allergies but at a level likely to be extremely low, they say.
This study also suggests that a strategy only to reduce the levels of exposure to indoor allergens will have no major impact on the incidence of respiratory allergies and asthma, they add.
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Peanut allergy: the "french kiss" can pose a real risk
,
The peanut-allergic people, especially teenagers, should be warned of
the risk posed by the fact that kissing someone who recently ate peanuts or
peanut products merely, even if that person is then brushed teeth, U.S.
researchers warn.
Last November, a young Quebec allergic apparently died after exchanging
a kiss with her boyfriend when it came to eating peanut butter and this
information was widely relayed around the world. The results of the autopsy,
released in early February, has since contradicted this hypothesis, but
"there is a risk that allergens are transferred via saliva," said Dr.
Jennifer Maloney, Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, during a press
conference in connection with this conference.
A "passionate" kiss shared with a partner who consumed a
peanut-based product could expose a person with an allergy to peanut allergens
to which it is sensible.Pour verify this point, members of the team led by Dr.
Jennifer Maloney evaluated the evolution of the peanut allergen concentration
in the saliva after a meal and the effectiveness of different strategies to
remove them.
For this, samples were taken repeatedly from ten healthy volunteers who
ate a sandwich with two tablespoons of peanut butter as they are or unwashed
teeth then, whether or not they is a mouthwash and whether or not they took a
chewing gum.
Increasing the concentration of the major salivary peanut allergen, Ara
h 1, recorded immediately after ingestion of the sandwich is very variable from
one person to another, the authors note. Thus, the allergen is then remained
undetectable in the saliva of three participants.
An hour after the meal, six of the seven people in which the first
screening test was positive had their salivary concentration of Ara h 1 become
undetectable. Finally, half past four after ingestion of the sandwich, all
participants had a saliva devoid of any trace of peanut allergen.
Moreover, none of the strategies implemented immediately after ingestion
(brushing and / or mouthwash, chewing gum) has helped increase the
concentration of allergens below the detection threshold. If these interventions
help to reduce the amount of Ara h 1 present in saliva, none of them will not
make it disappear entirely, notes the American researchers.
Practitioners must inform their patients with peanut allergy, especially
adolescents-the risk that may arise to embrace the fact that someone has to
consume a product containing peanuts, and even he washed his teeth, the authors
conclude.
The safest approach they recommend, would be that of an allergic
person's partner adopted a total eviction of the food concerned regime. In
practice, it may be sufficient after having consumed a product containing the
allergen, it wait several hours and thoroughly brush your teeth before any
kiss. However, a study on a larger scale should be conducted to clarify this
point.
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Allergy to cow's milk proteins: a step toward earlier support
,
Allergy to cow's milk protein is a
very common condition that affects nearly 10% of infants less than three
months, but can also affect older children.
Often associated with other food
allergies, it also predisposes to the occurrence of asthma.
The first bottle of baby milk (which
contains cow's milk) they receive, some of the children who were breastfed by
their mothers vomit and become "pale, quite gray", described Dr
Edwige Antier pediatrician practicing in Paris. This sometimes dramatic as it
can go up to anaphylactic shock, is that are grouped under the term
"manifestations of immediate type of allergy", allows the physician
to easily diagnosis of allergy protein from cow's milk.
But this disease is most often
manifested more ambiguously, through symptoms persist and interfere with
everyday life of the child who consumes daily milk, and that of his parents.
Chronic diarrhea, colic and abdominal pain, constipation, gastroesophageal
reflux disease, sleep disorders, eczema or poor weight gain among these are the
"delayed-type events," noted Dr. Delphine de Boissieu, gastroenterologist
and allergist in the Neonatal Medicine, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital in Paris
(XIV arrondissement).
FACILITATE THE DIAGNOSIS ...
But these symptoms may also be due
to other conditions, and so far the only reliable tests to determine with certainty
that a child had a delayed allergic to cow's milk protein should form be made
in the context of a consulting firm specializing in hospital for allergy
service.
Test, marketed by DBV Technologies,
a French company for biomedical research involving pediatricians and engineers,
avoids all these complications. On the advice of the attending physician
(general practitioner or pediatrician), parents of a child with symptoms
suggestive of delayed allergic to cow's milk proteins form can buy this device in
pharmacies. They can easily put themselves patch containing allergens milk and
empty patch (control) through two applicators, they withdraw coated after 48
hours and allow the physician interpreting the test 72 hours after
installation.
In fact, the finely powdered milk
powder adheres to patch through electrostatic interactions, said Dr.
Pierre-Henri Benhamou, a gastroenterologist in the service of Professor
Christophe Dupont and member of the DBV Technology company. When installing the
device, the sweat will moisturize milk powder and "reconstitute the milk
as we reconstitute in a bottle", thus inducing an allergic reaction, he
added.
... BETTER TO SUPPORT
The test is considered positive when
the skin is much more red on the side of the test milk compared to the control
test. In this case, the milk protein allergy is confirmed. The doctor will then
prescribe what is called a total elimination diet, which is to completely
eliminate the offending allergen from the diet of the young patient.
"It is not easy for the doctor
and it is very difficult for the parents decision," summed Edwige Lantier.
Indeed, it is difficult to avoid the allergic child does not consume yogurt, a
biscuit, mashed potatoes or any other food containing milk when he is with his
nanny, school or birthday party a comrade, said the Parisian pediatrician.
But if "we really removes very
strict allergen" for a duration defined by the physician, "the
reintroduction, it is likely that the child is not allergic," she
insisted. For unlike the adult allergy-definitively, that the child may be
reversible.
This "healing" of the
allergy of the child, the frequency of which depends on the food (very rare for
peanuts in nearly eight out of ten for the egg) is not yet fully explained by researchers
argue that including the fact that the immune system of the child is still
maturing, said Dr. Delphine de Boissieu.
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Allergies: the last antihistamines can drive without drowsiness
,
Only third-generation antihistamines
do not exhibit sedative effect and thus allow to drive safely, indicate the
results of a synthesis performed by a Dutch team, published in the journal
"Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology."
Histamine acts as a chemical
mediator in allergic reactions massively released during an allergen contact,
it causes vasodilation of blood vessels responsible for the appearance of edema
during attacks hives, but the contraction of smooth muscles bronchi causing
asthma attacks.
Many affected by allergic disease,
some of which are likely to be brought to drive people, so are prescribed
antihistamines.
But these drugs can cross the
blood-brain barrier, a physiological boundary between the blood and the brain,
which protects it from potentially harmful substances. As histamine is involved
in the activation of certain neurons belonging to the circuit of awakening, the
consumption of antihistamines can cause drowsiness.
Dr. Joris Verster, Institute of
Pharmacology, Utrecht (Netherlands), and his colleagues decided to review all
the data on this class of drugs obtained through studies "in
position" that is to say on the road in normal traffic conditions.
Their analysis shows the first
generation antihistamines significantly impair performance on driving, as after
a single administration after repeated administration (daily). Driving with
such drugs should be considered dangerous, the authors write.
The second-generation
antihistamines, usually presented as less sedating, they actually induce less
drowsiness, still affect the ability to drive with a variable magnitude and
duration by sex, dose, and the time between testing and decision.
However, two third-generation
antihistamines may be considered non-sedating and therefore safe for patients
who want to drive, conclude the authors of this summary. Dr. Joris Verster and
his colleagues did not want, in this analysis, decide on a third representative
of this class, for which only laboratory data not involving tests in real
conditions were available at the time of writing their article.
One study showed that third
antihistamine does not affect the ability to drive a vehicle on the road, and
Dr. Joris Vester now considers these three third-generation antihistamines such
as non-sedating.
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allergies and asthma
Cancer: the crucial role of nurses in case of allergy treatment
,
The role of oncology nurses is
crucial in case of allergic reaction to cancer treatment, observed in more than
one third of the patients condition.
Several studies have shown that 35%
of cancer patients are likely to experience anaphylactoid reactions (occurring
without prior exposure) or anaphylaxis (after first exposure) to their
treatment, forcing their doctor to change it to an often less effective therapy
.
The severity of the reaction depends
on the reuse of the product in question, as part of a process of
desensitization or retry, or prescription of a new drug, said Jeanne
Held-Warmkessel nurse at Cancer Center Fox Chase in Philadelphia.
Before administering to a new cancer
treatment that caused him a violent allergic patient, the physician must
evaluate the effectiveness of alternative approaches, assess the loss or delay
of a possible cure, analyze the likelihood of new allergy and reduce patient
anxiety.
Monitoring patients before, during
and after they have received their treatment is particularly critical, says the
nurse. The success of their care is the knowledge of the nurse on the treatment
given, the risk of reaction it causes, and symptoms suggestive of allergy.
In case of unexpected reaction, the
nurse should discontinue treatment immediately and provide necessary relief to
the patient care. Its role is to educate the patient and his entourage to
recognize the signs indicating an allergy and to report, even if they seem
trivial.
"The oncology nurses are the
first to respond and represent the best resource for patients at a time as
difficult [as an allergic reaction to treatment]," concluded Jeanne
Held-Warmkessel.
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allergies and asthma
Asthma: wheezing and allergies in childhood predict adult disease
,
The presence of wheezing and
allergies in children are predictive of asthma in adulthood, suggests a study
published in "Chest".
The development and prognosis of
asthma have been extensively studied in populations at risk. However, the
evolution and risk factors for this disease in the general population remain
poorly understood.
Celeste Porsbjerg of Bispebjerg
University Hospital of Copenhagen (Denmark), and colleagues followed 291
volunteers aged between 7 and 17 years, 12 years, to determine the predictors
of onset and remission of asthma . Participants completed a questionnaire about
their history of asthma, allergies or general factors of quality of life at the
start of the study in 1987 and 1998. Respiratory and allergy tests were also
conducted at both stages.
At the beginning of the study,
asthma concerned 4% of volunteers against 11.7% at the end of it, in 1998.
During the monitoring period, approximately 19.6% of the volunteers experienced
at least once asthma symptoms.
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to
histamine, wheezing, allergic sensitivity to dust mites and dermatitis, an
inflammatory disease of the skin, are, according to their results, the
predictive factors for the development of asthma at age young adulthood. The
presence of these factors multiplied by three to five times the risk of
subsequent asthma in young volunteers.
The simultaneous presence of more
than one of these risk factors was associated with a high probability (61.5%)
of developing asthma during the study follow-up. In contrast, among the
volunteers with any of these risk factors, only 4% developed asthma during the
follow-up period.
The combined presence of symptoms of
bronchial hyperresponsiveness to histamine and allergic symptoms in children
should be recognized as an important prognostic marker for the development of
asthma in adults and prompt treatment with immunotherapy, the authors suggest .
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allergies and asthma
Allergy: half of Europe concerned in 2015
,
Half of Europeans could become
allergic to 2015, said the president of the French Society of Allergology and
Clinical Immunology (SFAIC), Professor Gabrielle Pauli (CHU Strasbourg) during
the first French Congress of Allergology in Paris.
Currently in France, the prevalence
(total number of cases per year) is more than 20%, which represents 15 million
people affected.
But "these figures, suggesting
a real public health problem, not émeuvent person because allergies are not
considered life-threatening diseases," for his part lamented Professor Pascal
Demoly (CHU Montpellier).
"However, since the beginning
of the year, three fatal cases were reported to the allergy and coordinated by
the University Hospital of Nancy network has identified 50 accidents requiring
emergency. Everyone is also not declared" reported Dr. Jean-Pol Dumur,
president of the National Association of training in allergy (Anaforcal).
Continuing to advocate for the
recognition of allergy, it stated that "the cost of diagnosis and care
less medical wanderings, the cost of medicines and hospitalization patients
misdiagnosed and therefore mistreated" and that indirect costs associated
with work stoppages-up two to three times lower.
At the opening press conference of
the Congress, the President of the Anaforcal hoped that "the founder of
the whole community allergy act raise awareness" of the government but
also the people.
In its statement, the Snaf also
calls allergic "to defend all the allergy." A study is underway with
patient organizations to "take steps in consultation," concluded Dr.
Farid Marmouz, allergist at Pontoise
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allergies and asthma
Allergy medications: take a picture of her skin
,
Take a picture of yourself is the
first thing to do if skin reaction to a drug, a process that will help the
allergist to be a good initial diagnosis and provide optimal care.
The drug allergy concern less than
ten French, according to an estimate based primarily on the statements of
individuals and not on the results of tests. Its reliability is questionable, said
Prof. Pascal Demoly (CH Montpellier), for which she is probably over-estimated.
Indeed, non-allergic side effects
can perfectly mimic an allergic reaction, causing patients to feel sensitive to
the drug absorbed and leading them to adopt a predatory conduct. This is the
case for example of cortisone, which can cause redness of the skin, or certain
antibiotics that cause photosensitivity reactions that do not have an allergic nature,
he cited as an example.
Therefore, it is essential to make
allergy tests in specialized areas, to determine with certainty whether or not
an allergy medication.
Very heterogeneous, allergic
reactions to drugs primarily concern the skin and occur mostly in hives, but
can sometimes take the form of edema of the eyelids, of angioedema or small buttons
scattered throughout body.
Faced with a skin reaction, the
Montpellier specialist recommends taking a photo of his skin, thereby avoiding
subsequent to the allergist who take care of the patient to wander from a
diagnostic standpoint. The interruption of the drug in question must be
immediate. Emergency treatment based on corticosteroids and antihistamines, and
in the case of immediate reactions, adrenaline.
The drugs most often by patients
suspected of being responsible for a penicillin allergy (35% of applications)
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (22%) and anesthetics (6%). The concern
about generics for the simple reason that they are a copy is, however,
unfounded, unless be allergic to any of the excipients which differ from the
original product, which is very rare, says Dr. Demoly.
For the latter, if known allergy, it
is better to have a list of products that can be taken rather than a list of
those to avoid them being brought to disappear or be replaced by new drugs.
It also recommends to make his
allergy, especially in case of hospitalization, and check medications that are
administered.
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allergies and asthma
Allergy: altitude, a beneficial effect on asthma mites
,
Stay aloft appears to improve asthma
control and reduce consumption of corticosteroids in children and adolescents
with severe allergic asthma due to mites, according to a small French study
Allergic asthma can be influenced by
environmental factors such as allergens, infectious agents or contaminants in
the air, but also the type of habitat, exposure, quality of ventilation and heating,
the researchers said in the abstract of their paper.
Climatic factors are also involved,
whether the moisture in the air, the temperature, the number of sunny days or
barometric pressure, which have an impact on the development of allergen.
Dr. Hassan Razzouk European Medical
Center bioclimatic research and university education (Cembreu) to
Villard-Saint-Pancras (Hautes-Alpes) and his colleagues at the Centre of
pneumo-allergy Les Acacias, as well as two children's homes sanitary and social
(MECSS) Briancon, conducted a study to assess the effect of climate altitude
living in 40 children and adolescents (6-16 years) with severe allergic asthma
due to mites.
The authors note that Briançon
(climate station assigned), the mites rate is significantly lower than
Martigues (Bouches-du-Rhône), for example, with 0.35 mg per gram of dust,
against 17 8 mg / g. The concentration of spores of various fungi is also lower
compared to Brussels and Nice.
The pollen season lasts only two
months, June and July, with lower concentrations compared to Marseille and Gap.
Finally, the chemical pollution is negligible, including a rate of sulfur
dioxide from 10 ppb to 1,000 ppb against Paris or London 1400 ppb.
Three months after the arrival of
children, it is an improvement of asthma, 90% of the days are spent with
well-controlled, against 20% before symptoms stay.
Consumption of inhaled
corticosteroids is also significantly reduced to three months and the quality
of life improved significantly, the researchers add.
Laboratory data indicate that the
total IgE levels decreased in three, six and nine months, down to the specific
IgE to mites was even faster, they say.
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness has
also decreased, with a mean dose of methacholine required to reduce the forced
expiratory volume in one second (FEV) 20% of 129 g at the beginning of the
stay, against 600 g for three months.
Finally, the oxide (NO) in exhaled
air, a marker of airway inflammation was significantly reduced, with an average
concentration of 68.6 ppb at the finish, against 61.3 ppb after three months.
These results suggest that climate
stay high in special homes for children with asthma is useful in reducing
symptoms and medication use, the researchers conclude.
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allergies and asthma
Prevention of food allergies: experts take stock of food diversification
,
A varied diet should not be too
early and exclusive breastfeeding should be maintained until a baby reaches six
months of age, reminiscent of specialists in the "Annals of Allergy,
Asthma and Immunology."
Dr. Alessandro Fiocchi, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Milan, and his committee colleagues unwanted food to
the American college of allergy, asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) reactions have
reviewed the published data about food diversification, in order to clarify how
to proceed dietary diversification and when an infant can start solid foods
other than breast milk or infant formula.
These Italian and American
allergists fired four main findings of 52 studies they included. In particular,
they observed that carry too early dietary diversification increases the risk
of developing food allergies child while avoiding solid foods for a while
involved in prevention. They also noted that some products are more likely to
trigger allergies than others, and some food allergies are more persistent than
others.
This work has enabled specialists to
reach a consensus through which they invite especially pediatricians and
allergists to be cautious. Main recommendation: the introduction of solids in
feeding a baby should be made on an individual basis, depending on the risk of
food allergy which the infant is exposed because of family history of atopy or
allergy .
According to them, the optimal
general scheme is to maintain exclusive breastfeeding until the child reaches
the age of six months, knowing that in any case the food diversification should
not be initiated during the first four months of a child's life.
Solid foods can be introduced in the
diet from the age of six months, in small quantities, always presenting the
food cooked during the first exposure and offering one new product at a time,
so able to identify any food allergies or intolerances, say experts. "Do
not give mixtures before making sure that the child is not allergic to various
ingredients of" they continue.
Cow's milk and dairy products can be
offered from the age of twelve months, the eggs from 24 months, while it must
wait until the child has reached the age of at least three years before making
him taste peanuts, tree nuts (such as walnuts, hazelnuts, cashews ...), fish
and seafood, say experts on the data available.
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Food allergies children allergic to nuts shoulds learn to Distinguish
,
More than one in four children with an allergy to fruit and nuts can not Recognize the kind of nuts All which it is sensitive, warn the authors of a U.S. study published in the "Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology."
As with any food allergy, the walnuts, hazelnuts, pistachios, peanuts and / or other kinds of nuts required to follow a diet allergen avoidance, All which Requires knowing how to Identify and Recognize.
Indeed, accidental ingestion May lead some patients to anaphylactic shock Requiring emergency administration of epinephrine and hospitalization, remember Dr. Ronald Ferdman, of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and Dr. Joseph Church, of University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Seeking to determined at what age children can betweens Distinguish different kinds of nuts as well as Specify Whether Such Those with allergies are ble to Recognize the types of fruit and nuts to All which They are sensitive, two thesis Researchers built a "box nuts" they Placed eleven different varieties of nuts in a glass container.
They then Interviewed one hundred children aged four to 19 years, Including 37 suffering from allergies to nuts, asking 'em to name the different kinds of nuts. Young patients allergic aussi Abebooks web sites to Identify the nuts They and What They Could eat shoulds not eat.
Each child was ble to Identify an average of 2.7 nuts, this Amount Increases with age, with wide variations goal from one child to Reviews another, the authors report. A total of 59 children Were not ble to Identify more than two nuts.
Fruits MOST frequently reconnu shell peanuts are 89% of the children in APPROBATION Their shell and 52% When peeled. In contrast, other kinds of nuts SEEM much less known, the proportion of children Correctly Have you APPROBATION the kind of nut That was presented to 'em from 32% to 0% for pistachio nuts from Brazil.
Regarding allergic children, Almost three-quarters (73%) Correctly APPROBATION the fruit or nuts to All which They Were allergic, or said They Did not eat nuts That Were presented to 'em.
In other words, this Means That 27% of Them (ten children) Have Agreed to eat the fruit and nuts to All which They are allergic. Thesis of ten children, six young allergic Were ble to Identify the allergen To Avoid When the issue was still in nut in shell icts aim They said Would eat When They Were presented shelled.
So It Seems That Children, Including Those with an allergy to nuts, are ble to Recognize a small number of different nuts, All which unfortunately exposed young allergic to an Increased Risk of accidental ingestion, the authors Conclude.
Malthus, if Parents of children allergic to nuts too well intentioned are a little too protective of Their children and are totally disappear allergen environment of the young patient, it n 'will never Have the opportunity to discover what kind of nuts like this and then Will be quite Unable to Recognize, All which Increases the risk of accidental ingestion.
For U.S. Researchers, teach children allergic to nuts to Recognize the different kinds of nuts They are allergic to All which shoulds be an integral portion of Their therapeutic education.
Indeed, even if the total eviction strategy remains the Most appropriate for a young child with an allergy to nuts, Because of the Relatively frequent cross-reactions, this shoulds not Prevent Parents to Teach Their Children allergic to Distinguish different kinds of nuts, hazelnuts, pistachios, almonds and others by showing em pictures, or learning to Recognize it on the shelves of grocery stores.
As with any food allergy, the walnuts, hazelnuts, pistachios, peanuts and / or other kinds of nuts required to follow a diet allergen avoidance, All which Requires knowing how to Identify and Recognize.
Indeed, accidental ingestion May lead some patients to anaphylactic shock Requiring emergency administration of epinephrine and hospitalization, remember Dr. Ronald Ferdman, of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and Dr. Joseph Church, of University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Seeking to determined at what age children can betweens Distinguish different kinds of nuts as well as Specify Whether Such Those with allergies are ble to Recognize the types of fruit and nuts to All which They are sensitive, two thesis Researchers built a "box nuts" they Placed eleven different varieties of nuts in a glass container.
They then Interviewed one hundred children aged four to 19 years, Including 37 suffering from allergies to nuts, asking 'em to name the different kinds of nuts. Young patients allergic aussi Abebooks web sites to Identify the nuts They and What They Could eat shoulds not eat.
Each child was ble to Identify an average of 2.7 nuts, this Amount Increases with age, with wide variations goal from one child to Reviews another, the authors report. A total of 59 children Were not ble to Identify more than two nuts.
Fruits MOST frequently reconnu shell peanuts are 89% of the children in APPROBATION Their shell and 52% When peeled. In contrast, other kinds of nuts SEEM much less known, the proportion of children Correctly Have you APPROBATION the kind of nut That was presented to 'em from 32% to 0% for pistachio nuts from Brazil.
Regarding allergic children, Almost three-quarters (73%) Correctly APPROBATION the fruit or nuts to All which They Were allergic, or said They Did not eat nuts That Were presented to 'em.
In other words, this Means That 27% of Them (ten children) Have Agreed to eat the fruit and nuts to All which They are allergic. Thesis of ten children, six young allergic Were ble to Identify the allergen To Avoid When the issue was still in nut in shell icts aim They said Would eat When They Were presented shelled.
So It Seems That Children, Including Those with an allergy to nuts, are ble to Recognize a small number of different nuts, All which unfortunately exposed young allergic to an Increased Risk of accidental ingestion, the authors Conclude.
Malthus, if Parents of children allergic to nuts too well intentioned are a little too protective of Their children and are totally disappear allergen environment of the young patient, it n 'will never Have the opportunity to discover what kind of nuts like this and then Will be quite Unable to Recognize, All which Increases the risk of accidental ingestion.
For U.S. Researchers, teach children allergic to nuts to Recognize the different kinds of nuts They are allergic to All which shoulds be an integral portion of Their therapeutic education.
Indeed, even if the total eviction strategy remains the Most appropriate for a young child with an allergy to nuts, Because of the Relatively frequent cross-reactions, this shoulds not Prevent Parents to Teach Their Children allergic to Distinguish different kinds of nuts, hazelnuts, pistachios, almonds and others by showing em pictures, or learning to Recognize it on the shelves of grocery stores.
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allergies and asthma
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