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The androgen deficiency related to age can be treated, remember urologists?
The androgen deficiency related to age can be treated, recalled Professors Dominique Rossi (CHU Marseille) and Jacques Tostain (CHU Saint-Etienne), the 98th French Congress of Urology held in Paris, noting that this anomaly is a "new and still poorly understood concept."
Testosterone
Testosterone is the most important sex hormone in men. She is responsible for male characteristics and serves to maintain sexual behavior, sperm production, pubic and body as well as muscle mass and bone hair. The brain controls the production of testosterone by the testes.
The lowering of testosterone, also called hypogonadism, may cause a drop in sex drive, poor erections, decreased sperm quality, enlarged breasts (gynecomastia).
In the long term, it can cause a drop in body hair, a decrease in the volume and strength of muscles, brittle bones (osteoporosis), changes in mood, decreased energy and sensation well-being, reduced testicular volume.
The causes of this reduction are diverse. It may be related to abnormal changes in the testis or brain control system. These abnormalities may be associated, can meet in young subjects but are more often found in older men: the androgen deficiency related to age, sometimes called andropause.
Other causes can lower testosterone: testicular damage (trauma, castration, radiation, chemotherapy, orchitis), hormonal disorders (eg diseases of the pituitary gland), certain drugs and genetic abnormalities. In some cases, the cause remains unknown, recall the two specialists.
The diagnosis should be confirmed by a blood test performed must in the morning between 7 and 10 hours for the determination of testosterone. Normal levels are usually between 3 and 10 ng / ml, but this may depend on the laboratory and the results of other assays. Several blood tests and sometimes additional assays are required to check the functioning of the pituitary gland.
Testosterone is the most important sex hormone in men. She is responsible for male characteristics and serves to maintain sexual behavior, sperm production, pubic and body as well as muscle mass and bone hair. The brain controls the production of testosterone by the testes.
The lowering of testosterone, also called hypogonadism, may cause a drop in sex drive, poor erections, decreased sperm quality, enlarged breasts (gynecomastia).
In the long term, it can cause a drop in body hair, a decrease in the volume and strength of muscles, brittle bones (osteoporosis), changes in mood, decreased energy and sensation well-being, reduced testicular volume.
The causes of this reduction are diverse. It may be related to abnormal changes in the testis or brain control system. These abnormalities may be associated, can meet in young subjects but are more often found in older men: the androgen deficiency related to age, sometimes called andropause.
Other causes can lower testosterone: testicular damage (trauma, castration, radiation, chemotherapy, orchitis), hormonal disorders (eg diseases of the pituitary gland), certain drugs and genetic abnormalities. In some cases, the cause remains unknown, recall the two specialists.
The diagnosis should be confirmed by a blood test performed must in the morning between 7 and 10 hours for the determination of testosterone. Normal levels are usually between 3 and 10 ng / ml, but this may depend on the laboratory and the results of other assays. Several blood tests and sometimes additional assays are required to check the functioning of the pituitary gland.
The lowering of testosterone, also called hypogonadism, may cause a drop in sex drive, poor erections, decreased sperm quality, enlarged breasts (gynecomastia).
In the long term, it can cause a drop in body hair, a decrease in the volume and strength of muscles, brittle bones (osteoporosis), changes in mood, decreased energy and sensation well-being, reduced testicular volume.
The causes of this reduction are diverse. It may be related to abnormal changes in the testis or brain control system. These abnormalities may be associated, can meet in young subjects but are more often found in older men: the androgen deficiency related to age, sometimes called andropause.
Other causes can lower testosterone: testicular damage (trauma, castration, radiation, chemotherapy, orchitis), hormonal disorders (eg diseases of the pituitary gland), certain drugs and genetic abnormalities. In some cases, the cause remains unknown, recall the two specialists.
The diagnosis should be confirmed by a blood test performed must in the morning between 7 and 10 hours for the determination of testosterone. Normal levels are usually between 3 and 10 ng / ml, but this may depend on the laboratory and the results of other assays. Several blood tests and sometimes additional assays are required to check the functioning of the pituitary gland.
In the long term, it can cause a drop in body hair, a decrease in the volume and strength of muscles, brittle bones (osteoporosis), changes in mood, decreased energy and sensation well-being, reduced testicular volume.
The causes of this reduction are diverse. It may be related to abnormal changes in the testis or brain control system. These abnormalities may be associated, can meet in young subjects but are more often found in older men: the androgen deficiency related to age, sometimes called andropause.
Other causes can lower testosterone: testicular damage (trauma, castration, radiation, chemotherapy, orchitis), hormonal disorders (eg diseases of the pituitary gland), certain drugs and genetic abnormalities. In some cases, the cause remains unknown, recall the two specialists.
The diagnosis should be confirmed by a blood test performed must in the morning between 7 and 10 hours for the determination of testosterone. Normal levels are usually between 3 and 10 ng / ml, but this may depend on the laboratory and the results of other assays. Several blood tests and sometimes additional assays are required to check the functioning of the pituitary gland.
The causes of this reduction are diverse. It may be related to abnormal changes in the testis or brain control system. These abnormalities may be associated, can meet in young subjects but are more often found in older men: the androgen deficiency related to age, sometimes called andropause.
Other causes can lower testosterone: testicular damage (trauma, castration, radiation, chemotherapy, orchitis), hormonal disorders (eg diseases of the pituitary gland), certain drugs and genetic abnormalities. In some cases, the cause remains unknown, recall the two specialists.
The diagnosis should be confirmed by a blood test performed must in the morning between 7 and 10 hours for the determination of testosterone. Normal levels are usually between 3 and 10 ng / ml, but this may depend on the laboratory and the results of other assays. Several blood tests and sometimes additional assays are required to check the functioning of the pituitary gland.
Other causes can lower testosterone: testicular damage (trauma, castration, radiation, chemotherapy, orchitis), hormonal disorders (eg diseases of the pituitary gland), certain drugs and genetic abnormalities. In some cases, the cause remains unknown, recall the two specialists.
The diagnosis should be confirmed by a blood test performed must in the morning between 7 and 10 hours for the determination of testosterone. Normal levels are usually between 3 and 10 ng / ml, but this may depend on the laboratory and the results of other assays. Several blood tests and sometimes additional assays are required to check the functioning of the pituitary gland.
The diagnosis should be confirmed by a blood test performed must in the morning between 7 and 10 hours for the determination of testosterone. Normal levels are usually between 3 and 10 ng / ml, but this may depend on the laboratory and the results of other assays. Several blood tests and sometimes additional assays are required to check the functioning of the pituitary gland.
Treatment: the precautions
The administration of testosterone may be made by injections, application of gel or tablets. Other preparations for oral tablets and patches exist but are not available in France. The mode of administration will depend on your preference, tolerance and cost of treatment. This treatment is designed to improve your quality of life, but the degree of improvement made, including sexual function, can not be guaranteed in advance.
In the current state of knowledge, the risks of this treatment appear weak. However, it should be noted that the decline in controlled studies (meeting the criteria for quality of clinical research on humans) does not exceed 5 years.
Side effects reported in these studies are an increased number of red blood cells, uneaggravation sleep apnea (pauses in breathing during sleep, sometimes encountered in obese subjects and buzzer), a moderate increase in the size of the prostate, a risk to advance cancer prostatemicroscopique already present.
The black men, those over 40 years who have close relatives with prostate cancer and all men over 50 should be screened for prostate cancer prior to initiation of therapy and appropriate monitoring during treatment. Men with a history of breast cancer or prostate cancer known or suspected should not receive testosterone therapy.
Hormone deficiency cause is usually permanent and irreversible. Replacement therapy (we replace the faulty hormone) is a lifelong treatment. It will require strict monitoring conducted in consultation with a blood test, first 3 months and then a variable rate that will never exceed 12 months.
The administration of testosterone may be made by injections, application of gel or tablets. Other preparations for oral tablets and patches exist but are not available in France. The mode of administration will depend on your preference, tolerance and cost of treatment. This treatment is designed to improve your quality of life, but the degree of improvement made, including sexual function, can not be guaranteed in advance.
In the current state of knowledge, the risks of this treatment appear weak. However, it should be noted that the decline in controlled studies (meeting the criteria for quality of clinical research on humans) does not exceed 5 years.
Side effects reported in these studies are an increased number of red blood cells, uneaggravation sleep apnea (pauses in breathing during sleep, sometimes encountered in obese subjects and buzzer), a moderate increase in the size of the prostate, a risk to advance cancer prostatemicroscopique already present.
The black men, those over 40 years who have close relatives with prostate cancer and all men over 50 should be screened for prostate cancer prior to initiation of therapy and appropriate monitoring during treatment. Men with a history of breast cancer or prostate cancer known or suspected should not receive testosterone therapy.
Hormone deficiency cause is usually permanent and irreversible. Replacement therapy (we replace the faulty hormone) is a lifelong treatment. It will require strict monitoring conducted in consultation with a blood test, first 3 months and then a variable rate that will never exceed 12 months.
In the current state of knowledge, the risks of this treatment appear weak. However, it should be noted that the decline in controlled studies (meeting the criteria for quality of clinical research on humans) does not exceed 5 years.
Side effects reported in these studies are an increased number of red blood cells, uneaggravation sleep apnea (pauses in breathing during sleep, sometimes encountered in obese subjects and buzzer), a moderate increase in the size of the prostate, a risk to advance cancer prostatemicroscopique already present.
The black men, those over 40 years who have close relatives with prostate cancer and all men over 50 should be screened for prostate cancer prior to initiation of therapy and appropriate monitoring during treatment. Men with a history of breast cancer or prostate cancer known or suspected should not receive testosterone therapy.
Hormone deficiency cause is usually permanent and irreversible. Replacement therapy (we replace the faulty hormone) is a lifelong treatment. It will require strict monitoring conducted in consultation with a blood test, first 3 months and then a variable rate that will never exceed 12 months.
Side effects reported in these studies are an increased number of red blood cells, uneaggravation sleep apnea (pauses in breathing during sleep, sometimes encountered in obese subjects and buzzer), a moderate increase in the size of the prostate, a risk to advance cancer prostatemicroscopique already present.
The black men, those over 40 years who have close relatives with prostate cancer and all men over 50 should be screened for prostate cancer prior to initiation of therapy and appropriate monitoring during treatment. Men with a history of breast cancer or prostate cancer known or suspected should not receive testosterone therapy.
Hormone deficiency cause is usually permanent and irreversible. Replacement therapy (we replace the faulty hormone) is a lifelong treatment. It will require strict monitoring conducted in consultation with a blood test, first 3 months and then a variable rate that will never exceed 12 months.
The black men, those over 40 years who have close relatives with prostate cancer and all men over 50 should be screened for prostate cancer prior to initiation of therapy and appropriate monitoring during treatment. Men with a history of breast cancer or prostate cancer known or suspected should not receive testosterone therapy.
Hormone deficiency cause is usually permanent and irreversible. Replacement therapy (we replace the faulty hormone) is a lifelong treatment. It will require strict monitoring conducted in consultation with a blood test, first 3 months and then a variable rate that will never exceed 12 months.
Hormone deficiency cause is usually permanent and irreversible. Replacement therapy (we replace the faulty hormone) is a lifelong treatment. It will require strict monitoring conducted in consultation with a blood test, first 3 months and then a variable rate that will never exceed 12 months.
The androgen deficiency related to age, affecting at least 20% of men over 60 years means that the rate of testosterone (male hormone) in the blood is lowered and that this anomaly could explain some of the symptoms.
A male hormone replacement therapy can be offered if your doctor thinks that you have signs that can actually be reported to androgen deficiency. This treatment can improve mood and energy, sense of well-being, body hair, bone density, muscle mass and your interest in sex.
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le cancer de la prostate
Prostate cancer: what is the treatment?
The management of cancer is
essentially individual. Surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, cryotherapy,
... Whatever the type of treatment, and whatever their indications, the only
multi-disciplinary team is able to decide ...
The prostate cancer is a malignant
tumor that develops in the prostate. This slow-growing cancer is the most
frequently seen in men over 50 years. Adenocarcinoma is the histologic type
most often encountered.
Signs of prostate cancer are not
specific as can be likened to those of benign prostatic hypertrophy.
The therapeutic management of
prostate cancer is varied, and established according to the course of the
disease stage. Treatment may be a simple oversight, drug therapy, surgery,
radiotherapy, hormone treatment .... All of these treatment methods are
governed by specific indications, mainly due to the severity stage of prostate
cancer. Thus, the evolution in time has no influence on the choice of treatment
for prostate cancer is very slow evolution.
A simple surveillance ...
When the tumor is well defined at
the prostate and tumor progression remains very slow, no treatment is sometimes
the best option, however, medical monitoring should be regularly and closely to
monitor the development and progression cancer cells.
This option is generally implemented
in the elderly, in order to avoid possible side effects and complications
related to treatment. The progression of prostate cancer is very slow, the
elderly suffer from other diseases even before onset of clinical signs of cancer.
However, a single multidisciplinary team is able to assess the risks and
benefits at this stage.
When to operate?
Surgery has better results when the
tumor is limited. In the presence of tumor extension to the testicle, there are
other surgical techniques for the removal of the tumor while preserving
important tissues or organs. Urinary problems and erectile dysfunction are
often observed.
Adjuvant therapies
Radiation therapy kills cancer
cells, it can be done alone or in addition to surgery. Radiation therapy is
often used when the tumor is well defined and easy to identify.
Hormone treatment is administered to
reduce the size of the tumor and slow its progression. This therapy is often
used in advanced forms, with metastases, or in the manner in which surgery is
not indicated. Hormone therapy is also indicated when the rate of recurrence
after radiotherapy is high.
Chemotherapy is usually given in
case of presence of metastases, with a more advanced stage of the disease. It
is often used in addition to surgery or hormone-cancer cases.
Cryosurgery or cryoablation is
usually reserved for very small size tumors or precancerous tumors therapeutic
method.
However, whatever the indications
for treatment, support a person with prostate cancer remains individual and
considered on a case by case basis by a multidisciplinary team.
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le cancer de la prostate
Epiglottis cancer: what is the treatment?
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The epiglottis is a cartilage
structure which is located above the larynx. It consists of cartilage and plays
an important role in the respiratory protection by preventing the delivery of
food and saliva into the lungs.
Cancer of the epiglottis is a
laryngeal tumor that develops at the level of the epiglottis.
Cancer of the epiglottis most
commonly affects men over 50 years development is primarily related to alcohol
and tobacco consumption. Some harmful factors may also be associated with this
type of cancer, such as exposure to asbestos or cement dust.
The treatment of cancer of the
epiglottis is selected depending on the development stage of the tumor. The
support is based on
- The surgery, which includes
several types of surgical techniques such as laryngectomy, the cordectomy the
pharyngectomie the dissection. These techniques are performed according to the
severity of the cancer. Surgery is not usually causes complications.
- Radiotherapy is used. It is often
an adjunct to surgery.
- Chemotherapy is usually given in
the advanced stages. It is most often associated with surgery and radiotherapy.
This method can cause signs such as vomiting, nausea, hair loss, anemia ...
These treatment methods can be
combined and are designed to destroy cancer cells, prevent tumor spread and
reduce the risk of recurrence.
Treatments require rigorous
monitoring to avoid complications. Dental hygiene is mandatory and biannual
visits to the dentist are recommended.
Radiotherapy is widely used
practically in the treatment of throat cancer at all stages of development, because
of the particular sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation. However, side
effects are not negligible, such as:
- Alteration of taste and smell
- Infections of the mouth
- Inflammation of the larynx can
cause a painful swelling
- Change the appearance of the skin
Thus, the existence of a possible
swelling in the throat should require immediate medical consultation for early
care. It could be a recurrence or inflammation of the larynx following
radiation.
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How is lung cancer?
It is not so easy to accept that our
loved ones live with lung cancer. So, we want to know everything about the
disease, forms, methods of treatment ... but more importantly, how it will
evolve there after treatment. The prognosis is more reserved, the chances of
recovery are very low ...
Lung cancer is a tumor that develops
in the lungs, smoking is the main factor that contributes to its development.
However, a genetic factor with a genetic predisposition, may be partly
involved.
Lung cancer can affect both men and
women between 50 and 60 years. The mortality rate is very high, because lung
cancer is a very aggressive cancer and easily gives metastases (bone
metastases, liver, brain). According to the WHO, it is the leading cause of
death among cancers with pancreatic cancer and breast cancer.
There are basically two forms of
lung cancer, which differ according to the evolution and responses to different
treatments rhythms
- Lung cancer non-small cell is the
most common form. Its evolution is slower. This type of cancer is usually
treated with surgery.
- Lung cancer small cell is the most
aggressive and rapidly evolving towards the formation of metastases. Treatment
often relies on chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Signs of lung cancer are not
particularly specific. However, in most cases, chronic cough is the main sign
that alerts the patient. It may be accompanied by chest pain, wheezing when
breathing, abnormal sputum (bloody or purulent), or signs of bronchial
infections. Fatigue, weight loss, loss of appetite and poor general condition
are always signs present.
The treatment of lung cancer depends
on the stage of evolution, the form of cancer, age and state of health of the
patient. Lung cancer small cell is usually treated with chemotherapy and
radiotherapy. These treatment methods can substantially reduce the size of the
tumor but also to reduce the spread of cancer cells to other organs.
Surgery is indicated in cases of
non-small cell cancer, the small tumors, localized and well-defined can benefit
from this treatment. Surgery is often combined with chemotherapy or
radiotherapy as appropriate. However, when the cancer is at a more advanced
stage, surgery can be performed, in which case, chemotherapy or radiation
therapy are the treatments of choice.
Chemotherapy to slow the growth of
cancer cells by the administration of drugs, according to well-defined
protocols. It is carried out over several weeks or months, with temporary
downtime allowing the body to rest. The side effects do exist but they usually
remain passengers. Lung cancer small cell responds well to chemotherapy, which
also acts on metastasis. Chemotherapy and improves the quality of life of the
patient.
When choosing a treatment, doctors
also assess the risks (side effects) and benefits (cure rate) related to
treatment.
The prognosis of lung cancer, even
with treatment, is often reserved, with a very low cure rate. The treatment
approaches do not always guarantee a cure, but can only extend the life
expectancy of the patient. Bronchial infections are very common during lung
cancer. Relapses are common, even after chemotherapy or radiotherapy of several
weeks or months. It is strongly recommended to maintain a healthy and balanced
diet, and keep as much as possible a good sleep.
The prognosis depends mainly on the
stage of development of cancer, tumor size, signs presented by the patient, the
presence or absence of metastases. The survival rate after 5 years ranges from
1% to 5%, with a median survival of 9 months to 20 months, when the cancer was
discovered later.
Psychotherapy is an essential
accompanying measure in the treatment of lung cancer. Support environment,
relatives, family is important, despite all the difficulties to accept the
existence of the disease.
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Hair Loss: When to worry?
Hair fall and constantly renewed,
but when hair loss becomes exaggerated to show a sparse head, there should be
concern. Some causes SonLa hair loss is called alopecia. It can be partial or
complete, and can affect all body hair.
Hair growth and life cycle are
influenced by genetic factors, hormonal factors, growth factors, ... A certain
amount of hair falls almost every day and continually renewed. However, it is
advisable to consult a dermatologist when
- Hair loss becomes progressively
diffuse
- Hair loss is by handles and
gradually becomes abundant
- The top of the skull becomes
increasingly sparse
In these cases, the search for
causes is needed to halt the progression.
Sometimes, some signs may precede
the hair loss, such as itching, pain experienced at the roots, or the abundance
of dandruff.
The role of heredity is an important
risk factor in the onset of baldness. It is generally common alopecia appears
in an individual with a family history of hair loss. In addition, alopecia is
sometimes linked to an autoimmune disease.
However, there are several forms
that differ according to the causes.
Androgenetic alopecia or male
pattern baldness, which is the form most commonly encountered. Hair loss
usually begins at the front or top of the head, and evolves in a progressive
and sustainable. The hair becomes too thin and sensitive. This form of baldness
involves the role of androgens on the scalp and on the life of hair. The person
with this type of alopecia often has family history of alopecia is found in
parents, grandparents, uncles and aunts ...
In androgenetic alopecia, stress or
emotional shock are the primary risk factors. However, other factors may also
be involved as hormone treatments, or environmental factors (such as the fall
and spring). It was also found that alopecia is often associated with
polycystic ovary syndrome or an abnormally high cholesterol. Age has no
particular influence.
There are also other factors that
trigger or promote should be sought in cases of hair loss:
- Certain medications or treatments
such as chemotherapy
- An unbalanced diet with some
micronutrients deficiency, undernutrition
- Anemia
- A thyroid disease
- Smoking
- For women: pregnancy, childbirth,
hormonal changes
Fever, general anesthesia or
accidents can cause a sudden loss of hair.
If evolution can be slowed by
treatment, alopecia nevertheless remains an irreversible condition.
Our tips
There are no safe ways that prevent
alopecia, because often heredity is involved. However, proper hair care and a
healthy lifestyle reduce the risk of developing or worsening of alopecia:
- Maintain proper hygiene of hair
and scalp
- Avoid irritants and chemicals
(mild shampoo)
- Ensure that equipment and
accessories for hair care are individual and flexible
- Avoid too
tight braids
- Ensure a healthy and balanced
diet: foods rich in iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium must be prioritized
- Manage your stress and find ways
to relax, to rest when extreme mental and physical fatigue
- Avoid smoking
The treatment of alopecia depends
mainly cause, in most cases, drug therapy is not well known nécessaire.t ... Read
it.
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le cancer de la prostate
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