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Showing posts with label les allergies et l'asthme. Show all posts

Eczema of the eyelids

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This is a CONTACT ECZEMA (see this term) which is observed especially in women.
This is related to the red polish, because sometimes while sleeping, the patient unconsciously scratching the eyelids;
A test will confirm the diagnosis.

The treatment is primarily to avoid red nail but sometimes just to change the brand.

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Conjunctivitis allergiqueCe are the pollens that are a common cause of allergic conjunctivitis.

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This conjunctivitis is most often associated with RHINITIS ALLERGIC.
Of course this conjunctivitis a tendency to recur if ALLERGEN is not excluded. (Which is sometimes impossible)
In addition to the usual signs of conjunctivitis, join a PRURITUS sometimes very troublesome, and a very important watering.
The functional gene is intense.
Eyelid edema is common
Photophobia may be very important
Both eyes are affected
There is no lymphadenopathy (see this term)
Filamentous mucus secretions contain eosinophilic granules and released MAST (see this term)
Corneal complications may occur in ulcer type and infiltrates can engage the visual prognosis.
TREATMENT
Besides anti-histamines must use eye drops eye drops containing cromolyn (lomusol example).
Hyper-acute period can be used for a few days a steroid eye drops (soon to avoid the occurrence of steroid cataract).
Moreover eyewash solutions are of great interest as possible to eliminate a large amount of allergens in question
Similarly a shower and shampoo will help remove residual pollen ..

Desensitization, when possible is recommended

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Oral allergy syndrome and food

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The oral allergy syndrome is the most common syndrome of a food allergy is the food in question.
The events that occur can be spread over time.
After taking the allergenic food,
- In less than a quarter of an hour may occur
irritation of the mouth
swelling of the lips
a buccal pruritus
excessive salivation
a feeling of constriction of the groove
rapid flushing
mouth ulcers.
- Between a quarter of an hour and a half hour can occur
urticaria crisis
eye swelling
conjunctivitis
SHOCK ANAPHYLACTIC (see this term)
- Between half an hour and an hour can occur
of severe abdominal pain
nausea and vomiting
diarrhea
runny nose
TESTS PRICKS (see this term) are positive in 90% of cases.
Foods most often involved are apple, peach, apricots, almonds, tomatoes, cherries, melons, carrots, peas, celery, pear, strawberry, and especially the peanut .
We should also mention, seafood, eggs, chestnuts (especially in patients with latex allergy: cross-reactivity).
The labial provocation test should be done.
Just prick it with a small lancet fruit or suspect food and immediately prick the subject with the same lancet without washing, of course.
This technique avoids the oral provocation test can sometimes be dangereux.et should be practiced in some doubtful cases to the hospital.
TREATMENT
The eviction of the food in question is essential.
Cooking fruits and vegetables actually disappear or decrease allergenicity.
The antihistamines may be necessary as astemizole.

SHOCK ANAPHYLACTIC (see this term) always possible to require hospital care

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respiratory allergy

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These respiratory events related to the introduction into the body of allergens


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Rhinitis pollen seasons

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IN THE ISLAND OF FRANCE AND IN THE NORTH
- Birch pollen is very abundant in April
- The grass pollen is very abundant from May to July
- The mugwort pollen is abundant in July and August
MEDITERRANEAN
- The cypress pollen is abundant in March
- The grass pollen is very abundant from April to early July
- The mugwort pollen is abundant in August
- The ragweed pollen is abundant in August and September, especially in the valley of the Saone and the Rhone
EAST NORTH EAST REGION
- Birch pollen is very abundant in April
- The grass pollen is very abundant in May-June
- The mugwort pollen is abundant in July and August
WEST SOUTH WEST REGION
- Alder pollen is abundant in March
- The grass pollen is very abundant from April to July
- Urticaceae pollen is abundant in July and August
CENTRAL REGION
- Birch pollen is abundant in April
- The grass pollen is very abundant from May to July
- The mugwort pollen is abundant in July and August
CENTRAL EAST REGION
- The oak pollen is abundant in late March to May
- The grass pollen is very abundant from May to July

- The ragweed pollen is abundant in August

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allergy

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Particular reaction when an individual is in contact with a foreign body that is called allergen.
It is a reaction due to hypersensitivity caused by immunological mechanisms
It may be humoral or tissue:
- Humoral: antibodies made ​​by the patient in contact with the allergen circulate in the blood and can be detected by some tests. The reactions can be very violent as in ASTHMA or in food allergy;
- Tissue: there are no antibodies in the circulating blood. These are for example the skin in eczema and contact dermatitis say (produced by repeated contact with certain substances).
CAUSES
We must seek ALLERGEN, and it is sometimes very difficult to achieve as there are many substances that can give allergy.
We quote: house dust, animal dander, feathers, vegetable dusts, pollens, various chemicals, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, some bacteria and fungi, latex, certain metals such as nickel, gold, and this list is not exhaustive.
These causes can be responsible for various allergic diseases such as:
- Seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis (year-round)
- Allergic conjunctivitis,
- Some pruritus (itching),
- Some eczema.
TREATMENT
Should, if possible, avoid contact with the allergen.
The processing carried out by the doctor, after testing, will be long. If desensitization is possible, it will undertake, knowing it will take a lot of patience to get a result.

Meanwhile, antihistamines, cromolyn sodium, the cortisone will have a place in the therapeutic arsenal.

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bronchiolitis sequelae

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Severe bronchiolitis requiring hospitalization are often followed by more or less serious consequences.
- Episodes of cough with wheezing (wheezing) are common after bronchiolitis
- In subjects predisposed atopic family plot (see ATOPY) or asthma (see Asthma) some infants may develop a true asthma
- Some infants develop immediately after the acute infection, subacute and chronic, difficulty in breathing, coughing, bronchial congestion, episodes of wheezing (wheezing) and chronic respiratory failure.
- The effects are often present within up to ten years in these infants with bronchiolitis was severe and required hospitalization.
- For against these effects are very rare in bronchiolitis were treated at home.
- To conclude, it should be noted that the administration of corticosteroids (see corticosteroids) inhalation can prevent these consequences if it is early enough and lasts long enough after the initial episode of the disease.
The annual incidence of bronchiolitis is estimated at 250 per 1,000 children under one year.

It is most often benign. Hospitalization is required only 5% of these children. However, currently severe forms appear constantly increasing.

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Allergic rhinitis and pollen

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In our region, there are three pollen seasons:
- January to May, pollens from trees: cypress, birch, alder, hazel, sycamore;
- From mid-May to mid-July, grass pollen;
- August to October, pollens chenopods: amaranth, mugwort, ragweed.
Pollen is the male gamete of higher plants. These pollens are carried by the stamens and are carried from one flower to another either by insects or the wind. Allergenic pollens are generally those carried by the wind
SYMPTOMS
In susceptible individuals (allergic), breathing the pollen determines sneezing burst, a runny nose, nasal obstruction, and in half the cases, asthma may appear.
Currently, throughout the national territory, the sensors operate continuously: they can collect various pollens carried by the wind every time. A weekly report is drawn up for each region and can process ahead subjects who know they are allergic to each type of pollen.
The diagnosis of hay fever (pollen allergy) must be confirmed by a specific IgE (see IMMUNOGLOBULINS) and skin tests for sensitization.
TREATMENT
Treatment should first be to avoid the allergen (sleep with the door closed, driving a car with the windows closed).
In case of rain, the walk is allowed (the pollen falls with the rain).
The antihistamines will first line throughout the period of pollen risk.
A new molecule seems destined for a great development in the context of seasonal allergic rhinitis: fexofenadine which is a potent and selective oral antihistamine.
This molecule is also used successfully in the itching of chronic urticaria.
The nasal administration of cromolyn sodium is often very effective (Alerion).
The doctor may prescribe corticosteroids intramuscularly in severe cases.
A new treatment seems promising:
This is the use of a monoclonal antibody directed against the immunoglobulins of class E (IgE)
(See Monoclonal Antibodies).
The rhuMAb-E25 antibody has the property of binding specifically to human IgE, which allows to decrease circulating levels.
This effect causes an anti-allergic effect by inhibition of the degradation of MAST (see this term).
The administration of this drug is by subcutaneous injection at a rate of about every three weeks during the pollination period. at a dose of 300 mg.
The goal is to lower the IgE below 25 nanograms per milliliter.
Desensitization may be undertaken by the allergist outside danger periods.
In the case of asthma, inhaled corticosteroids for a few days will be very useful (eg beclomethasone).
Finally, it must be said that some allergies are crossed between pollen and food parents. Food allergies are more likely to result in digestive problems (colic, diarrhea), or shock or rashes.
For example, the birch pollen charm hazel can provide a cross-reactivity with apples, pears, peaches, apricots, cherries (Rosaceae), with carrots, chervil, fennel, anise (Umbelliferae), with potatoes, tomatoes (Solanaceae), mugwort with celery, cumin, coriander and mustard.

Remember that honey and royal jelly are usually not recommended for subjects with allergic rhinitis.

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Pollinoses

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All pathological manifestations occurring when previously sensitized subject is in contact with pollen grains. These may reach the nasal, conjunctival and bronchial mucosa
Pollinosis affects between 10 and 20% of the population.
SYMPTOMS
Pollen rhinitis is characterized by:
- Sneezing burst, a watery nasal discharge, and nasal obstruction.
- A pruritus (itching) nasal, palatine (palate), or ear.
- Headaches, loss of smell, and nosebleeds are fickle
- As against conjunctivitis almost always accompanies rhinitis (it up keratoconjunctivitis.).
- Asthma is common
- A spasmodic cough associated with tracheal involvement is observed in 30-40% of cases
- Skin disorders are exceptional.
- Skin tests are needed to establish the relationship of cause and effect with the presence of atmospheric pollens.
- The allergens used are a mixture of grasses, tree pollen, various herbaceous
- Due to the frequency of multiple allergies other allergens can also be used (dust mites, mold, etc.).
- A RAST will only be requested for multiple pollinosis
TREATMENT
- For prevention of the crisis, is based on the drug ANTIHISTAMINES of cromones, locally or Lomudal Rhinaaxia or the Alerion.
The anthihistaminiques medications and also topical corticosteroids or general if previous treatments are inadequate. (Eg beclomethasone)
Among local corticosteroids should also be mentioned that Fluticasone possesses strong anti-inflammatory action, which is well tolerated and that the action is sustainable.A new molecule seems destined for a great development in the context of seasonal allergic rhinitis: fexofenadine which is a potent and selective oral antihistamine.
This molecule is also used successfully in the itching of chronic urticaria
In the year, the first manifestations of hay fever,
. - In March or April, are due, in the north of France to botulacées (birch, hazel and alder mostly)
- In the south: the Cupressaceae (cypress) Platanaceae then to Morees (mûrier.)
-. Then from late May to late July in the north, and from late April to late June in the south, pollinosis, which reaches the majority of subjects, is due to grasses and cereals The plantain pollinates the same time as the grasses. It is common in waste places., Its responsibility in the occurrence of pollen crisis is difficult to assess because of the concomitant
- Finally, the third period of pollinosis in autumn is related grasses: mugwort, ragweed and pellitories.
The risk due to ragweed is very important in the Rhône-Alpes region (particularly the valley of the Rhône Saône onto the French Riviera), from the end of August until the end of September.

Be aware that a foot ragweed can release several million or billion grains of pollen that can be carried by the wind to several tens of kilometers.

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Pollen allergic rhinitis

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In our region, there are three pollen seasons:
- January to May, pollens from trees: cypress, birch, hazel alder, sycamore;
- From mid-May to mid-July, grass pollen;
- August to October, pollens chenopods: amaranth, mugwort, ragweed.
Pollen is the male gamete of higher plants. These pollens are carried by the stamens and are carried from one flower to another either by insects or the wind. Allergenic pollens are generally those carried by the wind.
SYMPTOMS
In susceptible individuals (allergic), breathing the pollen determines sneezing burst, a runny nose, nasal obstruction, and in half the cases, asthma may appear.
Currently, throughout the national territory, the sensors operate continuously: they can collect various pollens carried by the wind every time. A weekly report is drawn up for each region and can process ahead subjects who know they are allergic to each type of pollen.
The diagnosis of hay fever (pollen allergy) must be confirmed by a specific IgE (see IMMUNOGLOBULINS) and skin tests for sensitization.
TREATMENT
Treatment should first be to avoid the allergen (sleep with the door closed, driving a car with the windows closed).
In case of rain, the walk is allowed (the pollen falls with the rain).
The antihistamines will first line throughout the period of pollen risk.
A new molecule seems destined for a great development in the context of seasonal allergic rhinitis: fexofenadine which is a potent and selective oral antihistamine.
This molecule is also used successfully in the itching of chronic urticaria
The nasal administration of cromolyn sodium is often very effective (Alerion).
The doctor may prescribe corticosteroids intramuscularly in severe cases.
A new treatment seems promising:
This is the use of a monoclonal antibody directed against the immunoglobulins of class E (IgE)
(See Monoclonal Antibodies).
The rhuMAb-E25 antibody has the property of binding specifically to human IgE, which allows to decrease circulating levels.
This effect causes an anti-allergic effect by inhibition of the degradation of MAST (see this term).
The administration of this drug is by subcutaneous injection at a rate of about every three weeks during the pollination period. at a dose of 300 mg.
The goal is to lower the IgE below 25 nanograms per milliliter.
Desensitization may be undertaken by the allergist outside danger periods.
In the case of asthma, inhaled corticosteroids for a few days will be very useful (beclomethasone).
Finally, it must be said that some allergies are crossed between pollen and food parents. Food allergies are more likely to result in digestive problems (colic, diarrhea), or shock or rashes.
For example, the birch pollen charm hazel can provide a cross-reactivity with apples, pears, peaches, apricots, cherries (Rosaceae), with carrots, chervil, fennel, anise (Umbelliferae), with potatoes, tomatoes (Solanaceae), mugwort with celery, mugwort with cumin, coriander and mustard.

Remember that honey and royal jelly are usually not recommended for subjects with allergic rhinitis.

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Briancon (resort)

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05105 HIGH ALPS.
Briancon is a resort altitude characterized by an almost total absence of pollution and airborne allergens, exceptional sunshine 300 days a year and an unusually low humidity, with complete absence of fog.
INDICATIONS
- Respiratory allergies
- asthma
- Chronic bronchitis
- recovery

Season: all year

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Latex allergy

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Allergy to latex (rubber) is quite common and has the distinction of being often associated with food allergies (cross allergies with exotic fruits).
This IgE dependent allergy to latex affects nearly 10% of the subjects of the medical professions and 0.5% of the general population
SYMPTOMS
After an unexpected touch can occur either:
- A contact urticaria,
- Rhinoconjunctivitis,
- The ASTHMA
- A EDEMA OF QUINCKE,
- Even a ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK.
Gloves housewives, surgeons, balloons, condoms are often involved (requiring use of non-latex condoms as Avanti, or deproteinized latex condoms, as ansell non-exhaustive list) .
Symptoms usually appear 15 minutes after contact.
A PRICK TEST immediate reading is performed by the dermatologist (except against-indicated in case of drug taking beta-blockers).
If PRICK TEST is difficult to interpret the specific IgE to latex may be practiced.
It will always find a cross allergy to exotic fruits (foods most often causes are: kiwi, avocado, banana, pear, melon, passion fruit, and even chestnuts, grapes, strawberries, walnuts, hazelnuts, potato, buckwheat, celery, spinach, tomato).
The patient should be on a card indicating his latex allergy card which must be presented to all doctors (especially surgeons, anesthesiologists, gynecologists, dentists, who will use specific gloves PVC or neoprene)
- It should be noted the possibility of a false food allergy is in fact due to a latex allergy due to the use of latex gloves used in the handling of certain foods.
PREVENTION

We must respect the total eviction of all objects in latex, not only those described above but also nipples, bathing caps, diving equipment diving, infant rattles, pears injection, elastic diapers, water bottles, sunglasses, diving underwater, the bandages for varicose veins, leg racket, shoe soles (non exhaustive list) and avoid eating exotic fruits mentioned above.

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pollen

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The pollen collected from flowers by bees contains many active substances: vitamins (B vitamins and beta-carotene) trace elements (magnesium, calcium, phosphorus), enzymes, plant unsaponifiables, phytosterols, proteins, amino essential amino.
This means that the action of this pollen is stimulating.
Pollen helps fight against the physical and mental fatigue. It has a more euphoric effect.

The dosage is one capsule before meals three dosed at 350 mg titrated to 5% pollen.

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Diseases transmitted by cat

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The cat can transmit diseases to humans such as:
- PULMONARY laTUBERCULOSE
- The SALMONELLOSIS
- The TOXOPLASMOSIS
- The Brucellosis rarely.
- RAGE
- CertainesENCEPHALOPATHIES;
- Some VIRAL HEPATITIS
For cons, the more frequent the disease called "cat scratch disease" or lymphoreticulosis benign.
SYMPTOMS
The cat scratch after 2 or 3 days, turns into a painless ulcer and sometimes a papule (blister) followed by a vesicle.
The satellites of the offending territory nodes become large, painful, then regressing spontaneously or fistulizing.
To these signs are added headache, malaise and fever. Sometimes ocular complications may occur.
However, this condition is benign.
TREATMENT
Tetracyclines are associated with highly effective antipyretic (aspirin).
Sometimes surgical excision of infected lymph nodes is required.
In 1993, it was revealed that some very severe disease (encephalopathy, hepatitis) caused by germs Rochalimea types could be transmitted by the cat during bites or scratches.
These diseases develop especially in immunocompromised they aggravate immune deficiency (see AIDS AND PETS)
Finally, among the household allergens responsible for education, it should be noted that the cat has a great responsibility in particular the occurrence of asthma attacks.
The allergen is produced by the cat's skin (in the sebaceous glands) and is deposited on the hair (we are aware stroking the cat).

Male cats have more allergens than female cats and neutered cats. .

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Allergy to wasp stings

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Note that some allergic individuals may have these signs of shock with a single wasp sting.
Patients who know they are allergic well advised to have with them at all times, especially in the summer:
- A bottle of steroid derivative that can be administered even intramuscularly, once they are bitten,
- Or ampoule of adrenaline (or Anakit Anahelp)
- An inhaler bottle types: Ventolin or dyspnea-inhal.
- They should not walk near the hives,
- Do not stay in the sun body wet or coated with suntan oil
- Do not gesticulate in the presence of a wasp or a bee.
It is recommended to take these precautions to those who were bitten and showed a strong reaction the first time, especially in the year or the previous year.
In these cases of allergy that can pose a serious danger, it is highly advisable to do desensitize.
There is currently a relatively rapid desensitization.
In the case of desensitization, whether classic or fast, it should be noted that maintenance injections are needed for 3 to 5 years, unless it can be demonstrated, especially serum assay, the immuno-globulin E disappeared.
PRECAUTIONS
wear bright clothing
avoid perfumes
wear a hat
in case of attack do not crush, do not jump into the water.

Do not stay in the sun body wet or coated with suntan oil

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Allergy to bee stings

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Note that some allergic individuals may have these signs of shock with one bee sting.
Patients who know they are allergic well advised to have with them at all times, especially in the summer:
- A bottle of steroid derivative that can be administered even intramuscularly, once they are bitten,
- Or ampoule of adrenaline (or Anakit Anahelp)
- An inhaler bottle types: Ventolin or dyspnea-inhal.
- They should not walk near the hives,
- Do not stay in the sun body wet or coated with suntan oil
- Do not gesticulate in the presence of a wasp or a bee.
It is recommended to take these precautions to those who were bitten and showed a strong reaction the first time, especially in the year or the previous year.
In these cases of allergy that can pose a serious danger, it is highly advisable to do desensitize.
There is currently a relatively rapid desensitization.
In the case of desensitization, whether classic or fast, it should be noted that maintenance injections are needed for 3 to 5 years, unless it can be demonstrated, especially serum assay, the immuno-globulin E disappeared.
PRECAUTIONS
wear bright clothing
avoid perfumes
wear a hat
in case of attack do not crush, do not jump into the water.

Do not stay in the sun body wet or coated with suntan oil

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Chat and allergy

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Among domestic allergens responsible for awareness, it should be noted that the cat has a great responsibility in particular the occurrence of asthma attacks.
The allergen is produced by the cat's skin (in the sebaceous glands) and is deposited on the hair (we are aware stroking the cat).

Male cats have more allergens than female cats and neutered cats.

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Ophtalmomycétide

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This is an allergic reaction to ocular mucous membranes and eyes caused by fungi of the genera Candida, Aspergillus, and Trichophyton.

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cardiac asthma

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This is dyspnea (difficulty breathing), reminiscent paroxysmal asthma attack.
It is associated with heart failure of the left heart.

This dyspnea is related with bronchial edema manifested by expiratory wheezing.

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bronchospasm

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This is spasmodic and reversible bronchial constriction of small arms lower respiratory tract.
This can be seen especially in asthma and in some cases of anaphylaxis, but other causes may be responsible:
- Inhalation of dust
- Inhalation of oil
- Inhalation of irritant gases: ammonia, chlorine, fluorine, hydrochloric d'acide-vapor, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, phosgene, sulfur dioxide
- Organophosphates
SYMPTOMS
- Difficulty breathing, coughing, cyanosis, wheezing
- Tachycardia (rapid heart)
TREATMENT
In the opinion of the doctor:
- Administration of a beta-adrenergic agonist such as salbutamol aerosol.
- Administration of cortisone, aminophylline.

- Oxygen, see introduction of intermittent positive pressure ventilation.

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